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simple present: a verb form used to talk about habits or time clause: a clause that tells when an action or event
routines, schedules, and facts. happened or will happen. Time clauses are introduced by
> He likes apples and oranges. conjunctions, such as when, after, before, while, and since.
> Toronto gets a lot of snow in the winter. > Ihave lived here since! was a child.
=> While 1 was walking home, it began to rain.
singular noun: a noun that names only one person, place,
> I'mgoing to call my parents after | eat dinner.
or thing.
> They have a son and a daughter. time expression: a phrase that tells when something
happened or will happen. Time expressions usually go at the
statement: a sentence that gives information. end or the beginning of sentence.
> My house has five rooms. > Last week! went hiking.
> He doesn’t have a car. > She’s moving next month.

stative verb: a verb that does not describe an action. Non- transitive verb: a verb that is followed by a direct object.
action verbs indicate states, sense, feelings, or ownership.
> We took an umbrella.
They are not common in the progressive.
=> |love my grandparents. transition word: a word or phrase that connects ideas
> | see Marta. She's across the street. between sentences.
> They have anew car. > Id like to go. However, | have too much work to do.

stress: to say a syllable or a word with more volume or unreal: used to describe situations that are contrary-to-fact,
emphasis. impossible, or unlikely to happen.
> If! weren't learning English, | would have more free
subject: the noun or pronoun that is the topic of the time.
sentence.
> Iwisht hada million dollars.
> Patricia is a doctor.
> They are from Iceland. verb: a word that shows action, gives a state, or shows
possession.
subject pronoun: a pronoun that is the subject of a > Tori skated across the ice.
sentence: |, you, he, she, it, and they.
> She is an excellent athlete.
> [have one brother.
> She has many medals.
> He lives in Miami.
voiced: a sound that is spoken with the vibration of the
superlative: the form of an adjective or adverb used to vocal cords. The consonants 8, d, g, j, |, m,n, 1, th (as in then),
compare three or more people, places, or things. V, W, z, and all vowels are typically voiced.
> Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
voiceless: a sound that is spoken without the vibration of
> Evgeny is the youngest student in our class.
the vocal cords. The consonants k, p, s, t, and ch, sh, th (asin
syllable: a part of a word that contains a single vowel sound thing) are voiceless.
and is pronounced as a unit.
vowel: a sound represented in English by the letters:
> The word pen has one syllable.
a, e, i,o, u, and sometimes y.
> The word pencil has two syllables (pen-cil).
Wh- question: a question that asks for specific information,
tense: the form of the verb that shows the time of the
not “Yes” or “No.” (See Wh- word.)
action.
=> Where do they live?
> They sell apples. (simple present)
> What do you usually do on weeeknds?
= They sold cars. (simple past)
Wh- word: a word such as who, what, when, where, why, or
third-person singular: in the simple present, the third-
how that is used to begin a Wh- question.
person singular ends in -s or -es. Singular nouns and the
pronouns he, she, it, take the third-person singular form. Yes/No question: a question that can be answered by “Yes”
or “No.”
> She plays the piano.
> Mr. Smith teaches her. > Do you live in Dublin? Yes, | do./No | don't.
> Can you ski? Yes, !can./No, | can’t.

G5 GLOSSARY OF GRAMMAR TERMS
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