Page 483 - Grammar_Explorer_3_Amy_Cooper_&_Samuela_Eckstut_Didier1_1 (1)_Neat

dependent clause: a clause that cannot stand alone as a generic noun: a noun that refers to people, places, and
sentence. It must be used with a main clause. things in general
> |went fora walk before | ate breakfast. > Hospitals are for sick people.
> /fike music.
direct object: a noun or pronoun that receives the action of
the verb. gerund: an -ing verb form that is used as a noun. It can
> Aldo asked a question. be the subject of a sentence, or the object of a verb or
> Karen helped me. preposition. (See page A4 for lists of common verbs
followed by gerunds.)
direct quote: a statement of a speaker's exact words using > Surfing is a popular sport.
quotation marks.
=> We enjoy swimming.
> Ourteacher said, “Do exercises 5 and 6 for homework.”
> The boy is interested in running.
exclamation point: a punctuation mark that shows
gerund phrase: an -ing verb form + an object ora
emotion (anger, surprise, excitement, etc.) or emphasis
prepositional phrase. It can be the subject of a sentence,
> We won the game! or the object of a verb or preposition.
> It’ssnowing! > Swimming in the ocean is fun.
> |love eating chocolate.
formal: describes language used in academic writing or
> Weare thinking about watching the new TV show.
speaking, or in polite or official situations rather than in
everyday speech or writing.
helping verb: (See auxiliary verb.)
> Please do not take photographs inside the museum.
> May! leave early today? if clause: a clause that begins with if that expresses a
condition.
frequency adverb: an adverb that tells how often
> ffyou drive too fast, you will get a ticket.
something happens. Some common adverbs of
frequency are never, rarely, sometimes, often, usually, imperative: a sentence that gives an instruction or command.
and always.
> Turn left at the light.
> lalways drink coffee in the morning.
> Don’t use the elevator.
> He usually leaves work at six.
indefinite article: a and an, articles used when you are not
frequency expression: an expression that tells how often referring to a specific person, place, or thing. They are used
something happens. before singular count nouns.
> Wego to the grocery store every Saturday. => We have atest today.
> He plays tennis twice a week. > She’s an engineer.

future: a form of a verb that expresses an action or situation indefinite pronoun: a pronoun used to refer to people
that has not happened yet. Will, be going to, present or things that are not specific or not known. Someone,
progressive, and simple present are used to express the something, everyone, everything, no one, nothing, and
future. nowhere are common indefinite pronouns.
> Iwill call you later. > Everyone is here today.
> We’re going to the movies tomorrow. > Noone is absent.
> I'mtaking French next semester. > Would you like something to eat?
> The show starts after dinner.
independent clause: a clause that can stand alone asa
future conditional: expresses something that we complete sentence. It has a subject and a verb.
believe will happen in the future based on certain > Iwent for a walk before breakfast.
conditions; the if clause + simple present gives the
a
condition, and will or be going to + the base form of the infinitive: to + the base form of verb.
verb gives the result. > He wants to see the new movie.
> Ifyou don’t go to practice, the coach will not let you play
in the game. infinitive of purpose: to + the base form of the verb used
to express purpose or to answer the question Why? (also in
future perfect: a verb form used to talk about an action order to)
or event that will happen before a certain time in the > Scientists studied the water in order to learn about the
future. disease.
> 1ll have finished the work by the time you return. > We went to the store to buy milk.

GLOSSARY OF GRAMMARTERMS G2
Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.