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M

Managing Editor. A title often given to the person who manages the business affairs of a journal. Typically, the
managing editor is not involved with editing (acceptance of manuscripts) but is responsible for copyediting (part of
the production process).

Markup for the Typesetter. Marks and symbols used by copyeditors (and sometimes authors, as in underlining for
italics) to transmit type specifications to the typesetter.

Masthead statement. A statement by the publisher, usually given on the title page of the journal, giving ownership of
the journal and a succinct statement describing the purpose and scope of the journal.

Materials and Methods. See Methods.

Methods. The second section of an IMRAD paper. Its purpose is to describe the experiment in such detail that a
competent colleague

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could repeat the experiment and obtain the same or equivalent results.

Monograph. A specialized, detailed book written by specialists for other specialists.

N

Name and year system. A system of referencing in which a reference is cited in the text by the last name of the
author and the year of publication, e.g., Smith (1990). Also known as the Harvard system.

O

Offprints. See Reprints.

Oral report. Similar in organization to a published paper, except that it lacks experimental detail and extensive
literature citation. And, of course, it is spoken, not printed.

P

Peer review. Review of a manuscript by peers of the author (scientists working in the same area of specialization).

Primary journal. A journal that publishes original research results.

Primary publication. The first publication of original research results, in a form whereby peers of the author can
repeat the experiments and test the conclusions, and in a journal or other source document readily available within the
scientific community.

Printer. Historically, a device that prints or a person who prints. Often, however, "printer" is used to mean the
printing company and is used as shorthand for all of the many occupations involved in the printing process, e.g.,
compositors, press operators, plate-makers, and binders. A distinctly different meaning of "printer" is "computer
printer," a device attached to a computer for the purpose of "printing hardcopy" (supplying the computer output on
paper).

Proof. A copy of typeset material sent to authors, editors, or managing editors for correction of typographical errors.
Proofreaders' marks. A set of marks and symbols used to instruct the compositor regarding errors on proofs.

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