Page 168 - phytochemistry I - PharmD Clinical

c) Farnesol
d) Phytol

-The term “essential oil” is synonymous with:
a) Fixed oil
b) Volatile oil
c) Mineral oil
d) Fatty oil

� Section B: Short Answer Questions
Answer briefly. (5 marks each)
-Define volatile oils and explain their general characteristics.
-Describe the process of steam distillation and its advantages
in volatile oil extraction.
-List any three therapeutic uses of volatile oils with examples.
-Differentiate between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes with
examples.
-Explain the role of GC-MS in the analysis of volatile oils.

�
Section C: Case Study / Application-Based Question
Answer in detail. (10 marks)
-Case Study:
A pharmaceutical company is developing a new herbal
antiseptic spray using Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree). As a
phytochemist, you are asked to:
Identify the key volatile oil constituents in Tea Tree oil.
Suggest a suitable extraction method and justify your choice.
Propose a method for quality control and standardization of the
oil.
Discuss any safety or toxicity concerns related to its use.

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