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GRAMMAR FOCUS

Adverb clauses
An adverb clause is a dependent clause that takes the place of an adverb in another

clause or phrase. An adverb clause answers questions such
as when?, where?, why?, with what goal/result? and under what conditions?

Note that an adverb clause may replace an adverb, as in the following example:

Adverb :The premier gave a speech here.

Adverb clause : The premier gave a speech where the workers were striking.
Subordinating conjunctions such as because, when(ever), where(ever), since, after and so
that introduce adverb clauses. Note that a dependent adverb clause can never stand alone

as a complete sentence
Independent clause : they left the locker room

Dependent adverb clause: after they left the locker roo
The first example may stand alone as a sentence, but the second cannot—the reader will
ask what happened after they left the locker room? Here are some more examples of adverb

clauses expressing the relationships of cause, effect, space, time and condition:
Cause
Hamlet wanted to kill his uncle because the uncle had murdered his father.
The adverb clause answers the question why?
Effect
Hamlet wanted to kill his uncle so that his father’s murder would be avenged.
The adverb clause answers the question with what goal/result?
Time
After Hamlet’s uncle Claudius married his mother, Hamlet wanted to kill him.
The adverb clause answers the question when? Note the change in word order—an
adverb clause can often appear either before or after the main clause of the sentence.
Place
Where the whole Danish court was assembled, Hamlet ordered a play in an attempt
to prove his uncle’s guilt.
The adverb clause answers the question where?
Condition
If she arrives on time, she will see the play.

The adverb clause answers the question under what conditions?

The clause markers can indicate:

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