Page 66 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

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66 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

Software gm°âQ>do`a
A collection of programs is called Soft- àmoJ«m_m| Ho$ g§J«h H$mo gm°âQ>do`a H$hVo h¢Ÿ& {ZX}em| Ho$
ware. A program is a sequence of instruction H«$_dma g_yh H$mo àmoJ«m_ H$hVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ gm°âQ>do`a Eogo H$B©
supplied to computer for a particular opera-
tion to be performed. A software is a collection àmoJ«m_m| go ~ZVm h¡, Omo Amng _| Ow‹S>o hmoVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go DOS,
of large number of such interlinked programs UNIX, wordstar, ORACLE, FOXPRO, JAVA Am{X
which may be used for a particular application.
The examples of software are DOS, UNIX, gm°âQ>do`a h¢Ÿ& EH$ gm°âQ>do`a H$s VwbZm Ho$goQ> _| [aH$m°S>©
wordstar, ORACLE, FOXPRO, JAVA, etc. A {H$E hþE JmZm| go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& Ho$goQ> hmS>©do`a h¡Ÿ&
software is anologous to songs in an Audio bo{H$Z 'JmZo' gm°âQ>do`a h¢Ÿ&
cassette. The cassette is a hardware but the
‘songs’ is software.
There are basically two types of Software: Xmo àH$ma Ho$ gm°âQ>do`a hmoVo h¢ …
 System software  {gñQ>_ gm°âQ>do`a
 Application software  EßbrHo$eZ gm°âQ>do`a
System Software : The software which help {gñQ>_ gm°âQ>do`a … `o gm°âQ>do`a Cn`moH$Îmm© Ho$
in development, execution and testing of user àmoJ«m_ Ho$ {dH$mg, CgHo$ {H«$`mÝd`Z VWm CgH$s Om§M _|
programs are called system software. System
software are responsible for overall manage- _XX H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `o g§nyU© H$åß`yQ>a Ho$ à~§YZ hoVw {Oå_oXma
ment of computer system. hmoVo h¢Ÿ&
They include operating system, Interpreter, do Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>_, BÝQ>a{àQ>a, H$ånmBba,
Compiler, assembler, linker, loader, editor, Agoå~ba, qbH$a, bmoS>a, E{S>Q>a, {S>~Ja Am{X H$mo
debugger, etc. For example, DOS, UNIX, C- gpå_{bV H$aVo h¢Ÿ& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE DOS, UNIX, C-
compiler, TASM, etc. compiler, TASM Am{XŸ&
Application Software : These are software EßbrHo$eZ gm°âQ>do`a … `o gm°âQ>do`a Cn`moJH$Îmm©
developed to fulfill specific requirement of user. H$s EH$ {deof Amdí`H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BÝh| EßbrHo$eZ
The application software are written with the àmoJ«m_m| H$s ghm`Vm go {bIm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& O¡go MS-
help of application programs such as MS-Word, Word, Powerpoint Am{X EßbrHo$eZ àmoJ«m_ h¢Ÿ&
Powerpoint etc.

These are also called application pack- Omo EßbrHo$eZ noHo$O ^r H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ& coImH$_©,
ages. Various application packages for inven- BÝd|Q>ar Am{X hoVw EßcrHo$eZ noHo$O CncãY h¢Ÿ& CXmhaU
tory control, accounting etc. are available. For
example, TELE and EX are application soft- Ho$ {bE AH$mC§{Q>§J Ho$ CÔoí` Ho$ {bE EßbrHo$eZ gm°âQ>do`a
ware for accounting purpose. Any application Q>¡br VWm EŠg h¢Ÿ& H$moB© ^r EßbrHo$eZ gm°âQ>do`a `yOa
software can be developed for any specific re- Ho$ {H$gr {d{eï> Amdí`H$Vm Ho$ {bE {dH${gV {H$`m Om
quirement of the user. gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&
Firmware \$_©do`a
When software is embedded in hardware gm°âQ>do`a h_oem hmS>©do`a Ho$ gmW hr ~Zm hmoVm h¡,
it becomes firmware. For example, a semicon- Vmo Bgo \$_©do`a H$hVo h¢Ÿ& O¡go, ROM H$s {Mn EH$