Page 299 - ro membanes

282 INDEX
C
Calcium carbonate
deposits, 123
scale, 12, 21e22, 124e127, 260
Calcite deposits, 169
Cartridge filters
purpose & function, 107e111 replacement frequency, 20t, 109
Carlsbad SWRO plant, 25, 33e34, 79e81, 84, 163, 164f, 270
Cell test, 51, 58e61, 60t Chemical
metering pumps, 135
storage tanks, 133e134
use, 134, 227
water dilution flow, 134e135
Chemically enhanced backwash (CEB), 24, 192, 225, 225t, 227, 233, 235te236t
Chemical feed
pumps, 132, 135 systems, 115, 132, 197
Chloramines, 131, 275
Chlorine, 4, 18e19, 23e24, 28e29, 32e33, 81, 114,
126, 129e132, 155t, 193, 195e196, 225, 227,
252t, 253, 275
Chlorine dioxide, 114, 129e131, 275
Chlorination, 24, 29, 32, 105e106, 129e130, 147, 227,
235te236t, 241, 275
Clarification, 13, 17, 19e20, 33, 141, 145, 151t,
170te171t, 175e176
Clarifiers, 37, 123, 138, 140e141, 143e152, 144fe145f,
Colloidal foulants
description, 18e20
measurement parameters and methods, 20 threshold Levels, 20, 20t
Commoditization, 202e203, 230e232, 237e238 Concentrate
flow, 21, 123
pressure, 35
salinity, 117, 256 spacers, 4e7, 13e14, 276
Concentration factor, 6e8, 31
Concentration polarization, 4e9
Conditioning, 18e19, 25, 30, 32, 37, 78e79, 87, 171,
176, 179, 181, 197, 224e227, 113-135 Conductivity, 47e48, 50, 77e78
Connections, 48, 78, 87, 90e91, 216e217
Contact time, 115, 119, 121, 123, 148e149, 155, 160,
273
Control, 29, 31e34, 66, 68, 79e80, 84e85, 114,
125e126, 130, 133t, 149, 196e197, 227, 253,
272e276 Costs
cartridge filters, 111
comparison, 228, 234, 235te236t
Drum and Band Screens, 102e103
granular Media Filtration Systems, 183e186 Open intakes, 92
onshore Intakes, 92
offshore Intakes, 92, 93f
Lamella settlers and DAF Clarifiers, 150e152 membrane Pretreatment System, 218
water Production, 233e237
D
Data
analysis, 46e48 collection, 89e90
Dechlorination
chemicals, 126, 227, 275 dosage, 130
pretreatment, 235te236t
with sodium bisulfite, 133t with sodium metabisulfite, 132
Delamination, 57 Design Example
Cartridge filters, 110e111
Coagulation, 120e121
Flocculation, 123
Microscreens, 106e107
Pressure-driven UF Pretreatment System, 217e218 Single-stage dual media gravity filter, 179 Single-stage dual media pressure filter, 179e181 Submerged UF Pretreatment System, 216e217
162e163, 162f, 244e247
Clean-in-Place (CIP), 169, 193, 197, 202e204, 208t,
226e227, 230, 241 Clogging, 95, 170te171t
Chlorophyll a, 34e38, 38t Coagulant
dosage, 114e116, 118, 122, 170te171t, 172, 226, 247 feed system, 115e119
overdosing, 18e19, 53, 53f, 116, 119, 120fe121f, 146,
157, 170te171t, 171e172
ferric chloride, 114, 116e118, 117f, 133t, 148, 150,
172, 179, 183, 226, 234
ferric sulfate, 114, 116e118, 170te171t, 172, 226
Coagulant feed systems purpose and function, 115 design criteria, 115
Coagulation, 19, 78e79, 114e123, 127, 133t, 144e146, 148e150, 157, 161e162, 170te171t, 176, 179, 181, 183, 205, 222, 234, 235te236t, 272e273
Collection system, 96 Co-location, 87e88, 87f