Page 300 - ro membanes

Two-stage gravity/pressure filtration system, 181e183
Diagnostics
mechanical integrity, 54e55
membrane fouling and scaling, 43e64 membrane integrity, 46e48, 50, 54e55, 58
Differential pressure, 14, 35e36, 38t, 44e45, 47t, 56e57, 103, 105, 109, 119, 260
Disinfection
chlorine dioxide, 275 chemicals, 275 methods, 275
Dissolved oxygen (DO), 81e82 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 27, 149 Dissolved air flotation (DAF)
algal removal, 37, 144, 149, 245, 272, 274
clarifiers, 37, 123, 144e152, 162e163, 162f, 244e247 purpose and function, 137e138
Dose (dosage)
Antiscalants,, 123, 125e126
Biocide, 29, 130e131
chemical, 143t, 151t, 180t, 181, 182t, 184te185t, 193 coagulant, 114e116, 118, 122, 146, 170te171t,
171e172, 226, 247 flocculant, 139e140, 146
Dow Filmtec (Dow Water and Process Solutions), 256e257
E
Economy of Scale, 139e140, 247
EDaX, 51, 61, 62f
Effective size, 159e160, 176e179, 180t, 182t,
184te185t
Effluent, 15, 141, 144, 156, 161, 165, 167e170,
170te171t, 172, 194, 203e204, 224, 250 Energy
Consumption, 165 Demand, 80e81 Efficiency, 70
End cap, 48, 52, 57, 57f, 122 Equation, 22
Equipment
Ferric
Chloride, 114, 116e119, 117f, 133e134, 133t, 143t,
148, 150, 151t, 170te171t, 172, 179, 180t, 181,
182t, 183, 184te185t, 226, 234 Hydroxide, 226
Sulphate, 114, 116e118, 133, 133t, 170te171t, 172, 226 Filter
Cells, 146, 148, 156e158, 160e162, 166, 169e170, 170te171t, 172, 174, 176e179, 180t, 182t, 184te185t, 192, 201, 227e229
combined with DAF, 162e163
down flow, 155e156, 162e163, 172, 176e179 dual media, 76, 144, 150, 154f, 158, 161e163, 168,
172, 176e181, 222, 234, 241e246
gravity, 144, 157, 161, 163e168, 164f, 174, 176e181,
180t, 183e185, 184t, 244, 273
nozzles, 166, 170te171t, 174
media, 15, 33, 39, 96, 139, 142e143, 146, 154f,
156e158, 161, 162f, 163, 165e169, 170te171t, 171e172, 175, 181, 192, 201, 203, 224, 226f, 227e229, 234, 241e246, 273e274
performance, 157e158, 160, 165, 168, 180t, 182t, 184te185t, 203e204
pressure, 33, 109, 150, 157, 161, 163e168, 166fe167f, 178e186, 185t, 186f, 228, 241e242, 244
service facilities and equipment, 160, 197 single, dual and trimedia, 161
single stage, 161e162, 179e181
two-stage, 154e155, 161e162, 178e179 underdrain system, 160, 166, 169, 172, 174 vessels/modules, 165e166, 168, 178, 194
Filter media
Cratering, 174 intermixing, 172e173 mounding, 174 solidification, 173e174
Filtration
Gravity, 179, 180t, 185e186, 272
granular media, 17, 33, 105e106, 108, 114e115, 141,
207, 218, 221e222, 224e230, 225t, 233, 237, 241,
245, 250, 254, 271e274, 153e186
membrane, 74, 141, 221e224, 225t, 226e227, 230,
237, 241, 247, 273, 187e218
pressure-driven, 185e186
rate, 156, 158, 160, 163, 170te171t, 174, 176e179,
189t, 227 Flocculation
Chemicals, 122 Dosage, 122
feed systems, 122
Flocculant Feed Systems purpose and function, 122 design criteria, 123
maintenance, 101, 267e268
mixing, 119, 127
pretreatment, 95, 105e106, 108, 114, 197, 199, 227,
232, 235te236t sampling, 48, 49f
Feasibility considerations Co-located intakes, 90e91 Subsurface intakes, 74e82
F
INDEX 283