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J
Jar testing, 115e116, 122, 170te171t, 172 Jellyfish outbreak, 90, 100e101
K
Key Design Criteria
gravity filters, 176e177 two-stage filters, 178e179
L
Laboratory
analysis, 20
setting, 37
test, 17, 20, 52, 56e58
Lamella settlers/clarifiers, 140, 142e143, 143t, 147, 150e152, 175e176
Langelier Saturation Index, 22
Loading rate, 73, 79, 109e110, 141e146, 143t, 148,
150, 151t, 155e156, 158, 160, 163, 167, 180t, 182t, 184te185t, 189t, 203, 224, 241e244, 246
Low pressure, 54e55, 100, 196, 212
M
Manganese, 12, 18e19, 20t, 32, 66, 70, 77e79, 86, 117e118, 170te171t, 172, 179, 181e183, 193, 240e241, 240t, 242te244t, 246t, 248
Membrane
autopsy, 51e64
bubble test, 54e55, 55f, 56t, 194
cell test, 51, 58e61, 60f, 60t
cellulose acetate, 250e252, 252t
configuration, 8, 190e191, 210, 256e257, 257f cleaning test, 107
damage, 46e47, 50, 53, 59f
dye test, 58, 59f
differential pressure, 14, 35e36, 38t, 44e45, 47t,
56e57, 103, 105, 109, 119, 260
elements, 6e10, 13, 18, 28e31, 33e35, 37, 40, 43e44,
46e48, 50e58, 50f, 61, 91, 114, 121e122, 129e131, 157, 191e192, 196e197, 198f, 199e202, 204, 209e211, 211t, 214e215, 215t, 222, 229e232, 237, 250e258, 261, 272
envelope, 44f, 51, 54, 57, 252e253, 255
fouling, 2e10, 16, 19, 23, 25, 29, 33, 35e37, 39e41,
66, 70, 78e79, 109, 121e123, 127e128, 191e193,
200, 204, 208t, 242, 259, 266, 43e64
flux, 2e3, 6e7, 14, 18, 31, 191e192, 204e206, 253,
276
Fujiwara test, 51, 63f, 64 Geometries, 196e197 high salinity rejection, 21 high boron rejection, 259
INDEX
285
hollow fiber, 194, 196e197, 213, 231
integrity, 46e48, 50, 54e55, 58, 92t, 132, 194, 196,
202, 208t, 223, 229e230
integrity loss, 46, 48
low differential pressure (LD), 18
materials, 24, 61, 80, 193e196, 213, 238
mechanical integrity tests, 54e56
net driving pressure, 252t
oxidation, 117e118, 130e131, 170te171t, 248 permeate, 6, 31, 39e40, 55, 276
pressurized, 197e202, 198f
polyamide, 64, 98e99, 250e252
pressure drop, 3, 6, 50, 109, 163, 196, 255
pressure vessels, 8e9, 35e36, 47e48, 49f, 108e109,
144e145, 163, 166, 197, 199e200, 202, 209, 210t,
250, 253, 257
rejection, 56, 117, 252, 255, 259
salt rejection, 7, 80, 131, 254
submerged, 191e192, 198e202, 199f trans-membrane pressure, 191e192, 200, 211t, 213 vacuum test, 51, 55, 56t, 61
weight measurement, 51, 53e54
weight loss on ignition test, 51, 62
Membrane fouling
colloidal, 18e20, 114, 119, 140, 227, 229e230, 242,
246
biological, 27e28, 31, 59
microbial, 12, 27e39, 227, 240, 272e276 organic, 23e27, 62, 121e122 particulate, 6, 10, 13e17, 57, 115, 157 scaling, 21e22, 43e44
Membrane pretreatment filters Memcor (Evoqua), 195t, 210e211, 211t, 237e238
Microcolony, 28 Microbial foulants
description, 27e28
the membrane biofouling process, 28e31 measurement parameters and methods, 34e37 threshold levels, 37e39
Microfiltration (MF), 8, 15e16, 188, 224 Microscreens, 12, 95e96, 103e107, 109, 139,
170te171t, 175e176, 188, 198, 223, 225, 233,
235te236t, 236e237, 274 Mineral scaling foulants
description, 21
measurement parameters and methods, 22 threshold levels, 22
N
Nanofitration (NF), 56, 125, 131, 254
Natural organic matter (NOM), 2, 10, 12, 23e24, 27,
36, 38e40, 45, 47t, 115, 129, 150, 205, 239e240, 273