Page 139 - 2019秋季手冊內頁-ebook測試

Variables in Clinical and Preclinical Modeling
Murine Tumor Models Clinical Cancer PLaifteiePnhatse in Human and Mice
• Vary but generally >55 years old
• Increasingly obese
• Variety of chronic infections
and diseases
• Outbred population with progressive heterogenous tumors
• Immunostimulatory therapies lead to dose limiting
• 8-12 weeks old (equivalent to a young adult)
• Lean
• Specific pathogen free
• In vitro tumor cell lines into healthy naive mice
• Immunostimulatory therapies often generally well tolerated toxicities
Obesity Epidemic: Common, Serious, Costly and
Still on the Rise
• Prevalence in USA:
- Nearly 38% in adults
- Higher among middle-aged (40-59 yrs: 40.2%) and older (> 60 yrs:
37.0%)
• Health Risks:
- Increased risk of morbidity from hypertension, type 2 diabetes,
stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea and respiratory problems
- Increased risk of endometrial, breast, prostate, and colon cancers
• Medical Costs:
- Approximately $51.6 billion were directly associated with diseases attributable to obesity
Adapted from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity_adult_09_10/obesity_adult_09_10.html#table1
Adapted from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/a5dult.html
140