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off B.C.’s coast, navigation had been effected by blowing the whistle and, if one
                echo returned before the other, adjusting the course so that the ship would revert
                to the channel’s centre with equal whistle-response time. No deep-sea mariner
                that I had ever known would have thought the exercise of navigating by whistle-
                blasts viable, even possible. The two did inform me, however, that the job was
                not too difficult, Canadian pilots being on the bridge most of the way north to
                Prince Rupert, and US pilots in charge for the rest of each cruise. Thus, although
                they had intimate acquaintance with one of the world’s most intricate coasts, they
                barely needed to use that knowledge. They also indicated that the cruises were a
                trifle boring; each lasted eight days (each end of the cruise occupying a day for
                discharging and loading) and the ports were always the same – and that if you
                like the glamour and vigour of Hong Kong, forget it!

                   I was then introduced to the bosun and the SIU (Seafarer’s International
                Union) representative, the latter a man called ‘Tiny’ (presumably because
                he wasn’t, all of him being unable to sit on just one chair). This was my first
                experience in dealing with Canadian mariners, and I realised that, as mate, I had
                landed in a fire-pit. As will be appreciated, although the P&O white ships had
                plenty of English sailors, they were all the equivalent of petty officers and long-
                time employees of the company; the bulk of the crews were, however, from South
                Asia or in some cases from Hong Kong. All, however, accepted P&O discipline;
                no fighting, no drinking and no drugs. I had never witnessed a serious crew
                disciplinary problem in my years with P&O.

                   Now Captain Blackwell advised me (he had spent most of his seagoing career
                with, I believe, Donaldson Line/Blue Star, a good solid worldwide exposure to
                the sea and Scottish seamen) that the crewing problem was not insignificant.
                Because West Star operated in Alaska during the summer, but went to East Asia
                during the winter, where local crews were hired at far less cost, it was impossible
                for West Line to engage quality SIU men; they just didn’t want to be working
                for only six months a year, and indeed, quite reasonably so. Thus, he said, what
                we generally got were men who were unable to find steady employment in the
                solid B.C. shipping companies. He further told me that the Canadian authorities
                required Fire Plans for all ships, regular lifeboat drills, and a Planned Maintenance
                schedule. Why these were absent, he said, was because the original owners of the
                ship had gone belly up, the vessel had laid on the stocks and rusted for two years,
                and that it was my job to fill all of these missing requirements.
                   Patently, this small ‘summer job’ was to be no sinecure. I began by looking
                for fire-plan materials, and found enough to know that such a plan, of which I
                had seen many, was a bit of a slog, but rested upon fairly obvious principles. For
                the life-boats we could have an early practice, and for the Planned Maintenance
                Schedule, this was basically an administrative job prepared by Head Office. For
                that reason, I spoke to the Marine Superintendent, Mr Wiggins, a sad and tired-

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