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Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) Report Page 13
Ranhill SAJ Sdn Bhd Revision 01
Part A: Information on the Hazardous Substances Date Aug 2019

A.3.1.3 Toxicity and Environmental Hazard

Chlorine dissolves when mixed with water. It can also escape from the water and
enter air under certain conditions. Most direct releases of chlorine to the environment
are to air and to surface water.

Once in the air or water, chlorine reacts with other chemicals. It combines with
inorganic material in water to form chloride salts, and with organic material in water
to form chlorinated organic chemicals.

Because of its reactivity chlorine is not likely to move through the ground and enter
groundwater. Plants and animals are not likely to store chlorine. However, Chlorine
is very toxic to aquatic life once released to the environment.

An overview of hazards is described in Table A.3.0.

A.3.2 Sodium Silicofluoride

A.3.2.1 Fire & Explosion Hazard

Sodium Silicofluoride is not combustible and does not support combustion. Toxic and
irritation gases or fumes may be produced under fire conditions. Sodium
Silicofluoride is stable under normal conditions. The hazards posed by sodium
Silicofluoride is localized. The substance is not capable of producing major accident
hazards. Based on the literature review, Sodium Silicofluoride has a character known
as hygroscopic. Hygroscopic is the capability to hold a molecule through either
absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, at normal or room
temperature.

At certain concentrations in a confined space, a dust explosion may occur. However,
based on the Sodium Silicofluoride storage area, it is unlikely for it to occur due to
the presence of air changes and ventilation.

A.3.2.2 Toxicity and Health Hazard

Based on the literature review, Sodium Silicofluoride can irritate the skin causing a
rash or burning feeling on contact. It may also irritate the eyes on contact. The
breathing of the chemical can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs causing coughing,
wheezing and/ or shortness of breath. The chemical’s LD50 (Oral) is 125 mg/kg.