Page 490 - Konferensiya to'plami - 1 (ASR)

The analytical approach is grounded in theories of folklore studies, literary
criticism, and narratology. Key concepts include. Patterns and symbols present in
folklore and literature are examined through various aspects:
• Motifs: Recurring elements in narratives, such as enchanted items, journeys,
and metamorphoses.
• Mythology: A collection of myths and stories specific to a culture or society.
• World-building: The creation of a fictional universe with its own history,
geography, culture, and social structures.
• Thematic Analysis: Recognizing and interpreting the fundamental themes
and messages that the text conveys.
This analysis will focus on pinpointing specific examples of folkloric elements
within the chosen texts, studying how these elements are adapted and woven into
the storyline, and interpreting their importance concerning the broader themes and
meanings of the work. Additionally, it will examine how authors utilize fantasy
conventions and original ideas to enrich and enhance the effectiveness of folkloric
elements.

RESULTS
The examination of selected English fantasy literature uncovers several
prominent trends in the utilization of fantasy elements and folklore:
• World-Building: Numerous authors incorporate folklore to outline the history,
culture, and belief systems of their fictional realms. For instance, J.R.R. Tolkien's The
Lord of the Rings heavily references Norse mythology, Anglo-Saxon lore, and Celtic
tales to construct the intricate and rich world of Middle-earth. Races like Elves and
Dwarves possess unique cultural characteristics and stories derived from these
traditional sources, providing depth and authenticity to the setting. Place and
character names also reflect this connection, anchoring the fantasy in a faux-
historical framework.
• Character Development: Folklore serves as a valuable reservoir of archetypes
for crafting complex and engaging characters. In Neil Gaiman's American Gods, the
gods of various cultures manifest in modern America, grappling to retain their power
and significance in a world controlled by the new gods of technology and media.
These characters’ personalities and motivations are deeply entwined with their
original myths, offering a captivating exploration of cultural identity and the lasting
influence of belief.
• Thematic Resonance: Folklore can help to address universal themes and
societal issues in a novel and captivating manner. Terry Pratchett’s Discworld series,
while often comedic, frequently draws from fairy tales and folklore to humorously
critique contemporary society. By reversing or subverting traditional stories,
Pratchett highlights power dynamics, social inequalities, and the absurdities of
human actions.
• Moral Ambiguity: The use of folklore enables the exploration of moral
complexities. Instead of simplistic narratives of good versus evil, the integration of
folkloric figures provides opportunities to delve into moral grey areas, showcasing
characters who blend traits of both good and evil. The Faerie Queen, for example, can
embody both kindness and cruelty, representing the unpredictable aspects of nature
and the risks posed by uncontrolled power. 488

III SHO‘BA:

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