Page 694 - Sociology and You

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social dynamics, 14
social exchange, 183, 184
social interaction, 147–148, 181–186, 508 social mobility. See also social
stratification
American, 267–268, 576–577
caste vs. open-class systems, 266–267 in industrial societies, 160
in preindustrial societies, 155
and sport, 504, 512–514
through computer literacy, 283 types of, 265
social movements, 591–596 social networks, 178–179 social processes, 569–571 social sanctions, 87–88, 207 social sciences, 7
social solidarity, 160–162, 195
social statics, 14
social stratification. See also prejudice;
social classes; social mobility definition of, 242
economic factors, 243–245
in education, 253, 400–407 “electronic,” 555
family transmittal of, 359 in The Middle Ages, 249 and poverty, 259–263 and power, 245–246 prestige factor, 246–247 and social class, 242 social mobility, 265–268 theories of, 250–252
social structure
and culture, 148
definition of, 9, 140
in preindustrial societies, 158 and roles, 146–152
and shopping malls, 168–169 stability of, 162–163
and status, 140–143
socialism, 442–443, 444 socialization
and child development, 109, 111, 113–114
definition of, 110
and education, 409–413
family role, 121, 124, 357, 360 gender, 317–320
mass media influence, 124–126 and peers, 123–124
and personality, 110–113
as primary group function, 174 in prisoner-of-war camps, 120 processes of, 128, 132
in schools, 122–123
Index
theoretical perspectives of, 115–119 society
definition of, 73, 153 industrial types, 159–162 McDonaldization of, 200–201 postindustrial types, 162–163 preindustrial types, 153–158
Society in America (Martineau), 15 sociobiology, 74. See also Social
Darwinism
socioemotional maintenance, 357 sociological imagination, 11 sociological perspective, 6 sociologists, 8–9, 35
sociology
American, 18–22 definition of, 6 description of, 7
job opportunities in, 12 origins of, 14–18
and patterned interactions, 9–11 Southern Poverty Law Center, 289 Soviet Union, 443, 444
Spencer, Herbert, 15–16
spirit of capitalism, 472 Spitzer, Steven, 218 sport
in ancient Rome, 499 definition of, 496
gender issues, 495, 516–518 paradoxes, 504
racial issues, 514–515, 519
as reflection of culture, 497–498, 503 as social institution, 496–497
and social mobility, 512–514 subcultures of, 500–501
theoretical perspectives, 503–509
sport subculture, 500–501 spurious correlation, 53–54 Stacey, William, 484 stacking, 514–515
Star Wars, 99
Stark, Rodney, 479
statistics, 46–47
status, 140–145, 154, 249, 277 status set, 142
stereotypes. See also prejudice
definition of, 285–286
of elderly, 332
gender, 342–343, 517 Native American, 286, 519 of welfare recipients, 241
sterilization programs, 543
stigma, 216–217, 366, 374, 378 Stoll, Cliff, 112
strain theory of deviance, 210–211
stratification. See social stratification subculture, 98
subjugation, 282
suburbanization, 552–554, 559–560 suicide, 56–57, 331, 535
Suicide (Durkheim), 56
Sumner, William Graham, 81, 83 surfing, 500
surveys
definition of, 38
grading of parents, 358 methods, 39–41
perceived economic situation of
African Americans, 275 pros and cons of, 45
of school culture, 96–97 Sutherland, Edwin, 220 symbolic interactionism
ageism, 332
definition and assumptions of, 27,
29–31
deviance, 214–217, 220
education, 409–413
family, 360–361
gender roles, 317–320
Internet, 28–29
prejudice and discrimination, 287–288 religion, 472–473
social change, 580
social interaction, 186
social stratification, 251, 252
social structure, 150
socialization process, 116–119,
128–132 sport, 508–511
symbols, 30, 77
T
tables and graphs, reading of, 48–49 taboos, 84
Taiwan, 542
teachers, 387, 410–413. See also
education
technical knowledge, 162 technology. See also Internet
access to, 264, 283, 600–601 definition of, 571
future trends, 408
identity theft, 228 importance in postindustrial
society, 162
importance to society, 162 social change role, 571–572 and social skills, 112
and suburbanization, 552–553 workplace issues, 164, 187