Page 11 - rise 2017

The Performance of Sag and Swell Voltage at Power Factor Correction by using Power
Converter Topology

Rasidah Binti Abdul Rani

Politeknik Ungku Omar, Perak

rasidah@puo.edu.my

Abstract
The research is to investigate the performance of Sag and Swell Voltage at Power factor correction.
This study has stressed out about the performance of Sag and Swell voltage at power factor correction
by using power converter method at passive and active component. Based on this study we can
compare the performance of sag and swell voltage when using the Power Factor Correction method
and we also can determine the effect of power factor when using a power converter topology at the
non-linear load. The focuses of study are on single phase load, where the voltage restriction is 240 V.
All the analysis is only at consumer side only, which depends on variety of non-linear load. Besides
that, the parameters for analysis are based on the output waveform (variety non-linear loads) and the
value of power factor. The instrument for measuring the parameter is based on power factor
correction device or technique. On the other hand, the method that used for this study is based on
simulation by using Multisim software. At the ends of this research, we can conclude the performance
sag and swell voltage between the power converter topologıes when usıng Power Factor Correctıon
(PFC) methods weather by using passive or active component.
Keywords: Power Factor Correction, Sag voltage, Swell voltage

Introduction
This study focuses on the performance of sag and swell voltage at Power Factor Correction method.
By definition, Power Factor Correction is a technique used to reduce the amount of reactive power to
a balanced power factor. The components at a non-linear load can influence the power factor value
which is triggered by the components of inductor or capacitor. As a matter of fact, the tenants will be
penalized if the power factor reading does not tally with the rated reading provided by the
Suruhanjaya Tenaga, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) [1]. The purpose of this study is to compare the
performance of sag and swell voltage when using the Power Factor Correction method and we also
can determine the effect of power factor when using a power converter topology at the non-linear
loads.

Literature review
Sag and Swell Voltage
Now a day, there are many problems about of Power Quality issue such as harmonic distortion, sag
and swell voltage, flicker, impulse transient, and interruptions [2]. Most common occur in power
quality phenomenon is a voltage sags/swells especially at power distribution system [3]. Sag voltage
is refer to a short duration reduction in rms voltage which can be caused by a short circuit and swell
voltage is inversely with sag voltage. Usually voltage sag occurs during wind and lighting,
construction or traffic accident, tree limbs and so on [4]. Voltage sag can cause serious problems to
sensitive loads, because these loads often drop off-line due to voltage sag.

Power Factor Correction
Inductive loads contribute to a poor Power Factor Correction. To encounter this problem, it would be
appropriate to add power factor correction equipment into the power system. Other than that, a
harmonic filter must be introduced in the circuit in order to rectify any distorted current waveform
which tends to reduce the power factor value. Even though the inverters are usually claimed to have a
relatively high power factor value (>0.95), the theory is only validate when the waveform current is
not continuous and only involves the angle calculation between the voltage and current. In fact, real
values of power factor in reality resolves around a staggering 0.5 to 0.75.