Page 21 - 04 Cotton SA October 2014

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Toepassing van korrekte

bestuurspraktyke in die vestiging van katoen

lanttyd vir katoen is byna op hande en bereiding is baie belangrik, veral as in ag
daar is sekere bestuursaspekte in die geneem word dat katoen oor ‘n diep en
Pverbouing van katoen wat somtyds nie uitgebreide wortelstelsel beskik. Die doel van
die aandag verdien soos dit behoort gedoen primêre grondbewerking is om die saadbed
te word nie. so te deurlug dat dit die indringing van
besproeings- of reënwater sal bevorder. ‘n
Wanneeer katoen vanuit ‘n graad of Verdere aanhaling wat hiermee verband hou
kwaliteitsoogpunt nie presteer nie, of die is die volgende: “Uneven or cloddy conditions
opbrengs voldoen nie aan die verwagtinge can result in uneven seed placement as well as
nie, word daar dikwels na ander redes as poor soil/seed and moisture contact resulting
die bestuurspraktyke wat gevolg is met die in staggered germination and gappy stands”.
vestiging van die katoen, gesoek.
Grondtemperatuur is ‘n ander faktor wat in
Bekende en gerespekteerde landbou- baie gevalle miskien nie so deurlopend voor
voorligtingsbeamptes is dit eens dat daar planttyd gekontrolleer of in ag geneem word
teruggekeer moet word na, soos hulle dit nie en is dit volgens alle bestuursbronne
noem: “Establishing the basic principals sekerlik een van die belangrikste vereistes
correctly”. wat nagekom moet word. Grondtemperatuur
Die volgende aanhaling soos dit in “Facts on moet verkieslik vir 5 aaneenlopende dae lank
Friday van CSD” voorkom, som van hierdie 18 grade of hoër wees om vinnige ontkieming
basiese beginsels wat nagekom moet word in en opkoms te verseker. ander gewasse wat betref die aanwending
die verbouing van katoen, soos volg op: Optimale plantyd is normaalweg tussen 15 van beskikbare besproeïngswater, dikwels

“Achieving an even establishment of cotton is en 31 Oktober. ‘n Plantdiepte van 25 mm afgeskeep word. Wanneer die katoenplant
sekere kritiese fases van sy ontwikkeling
critical in getting the crop off to a good start in kleigrond en ‘n maksimum van 50 mm in bereik, veral ná blomstaduim wanneer die
as it can have an eff ect on the management sandgrond behoort deurgaans gehandhaaf ontwikkeling van lengte- eenvormigheid en
of the crop. The aim of every cotton grower te word. Die aanbevele plantpopulasie
should be to plant the crop once, achieve the vir die verskillende kultivars moet ook in veselfynheid (selwandontwikkeling) plaas-
desired plant stand and eveness to get the die voorafbeplanning deeglik van kennis vind, is dit belangrik dat water nie na ander
crop off to a sound start. Many little things geneem word om ‘n eenvormige plantestand gewasse gekanaliseer word nie, aangesien dit
go into the planting operation, combining te verseker. Wat laasgenoemde betref, is die uiteindelik nie alleen die vesellengte en ander
to culminate in a successful planting and siening van CSD die volgende “A uniform plant kwaliteitsaspekte van die katoen nadelig sal
establishment and each is important, because stand is more critical than the actual number beinvloed nie, maar ook opbrengste direk
a problem with any one can eff ect and have an of plants per metre. However, there are more raak.
impact on the performance of the cotton crop disadvantages with having a plant stand which
through the entire season.” is too low than too high. Select a plant stand Daar is tans heelwat positiewe verwikkelinge
that you are comfortable with which suits your in die katoenbedryf en vir die produsent
Die basiese beginsels waarop gelet behoort te soil type, water availability and management”. om voordeel hieruit te trek, moet daar veral
word, is die volgende:
Dit is ook kommerwekkend dat katoen- aandag aan die toepassing van korrekte
Noukeurige en korrekte saadbed voor- verbouing in sekere gebiede ten koste van bestuursaspekte gegee word.

Nematodes from page19 increased damage to the crop. Soil moisture have been evaluated on cotton it is
may also aff ect survival of the nematode, with imperative to introduce a combination of the
Physical methods such as heat treatment and survival being greater in soils at water pressures. recommended management tactics in order
solarization of the soil before planting can be to overcome the current crisis situation. To
combined with cultural methods for eff ective Another important tool and key factor to the eff ectively manage these highly damaging
control of various Meloidogyne species. Soil success of such control strategies is the careful pathogens, application of biological, cultural
solarizatiion, however, will be impractical for selection and use of cultivars of rotational and chemical methods should be done
large fi elds. Both soil temperature and texture crops that suppress nematode populations. in line with integrated pest management
infl uence root-knot nematode damage and To produce eff ective cultural control methods (IPM) practices. This should be preceded with
reproduction. Higher soil temperatures favour it is crucial to identify the nematodes present a thorough survey of farms in context and an
the formation of nematode embryo and egg and determine the host status of the cultivars/ accurate diagnosis of the Meloidogyne species
hatch, while lower temperatures are inhibitory. varieties of crops grown to develop eff ective present.
Population densities of the nematode are methods that reduce nematode populations
inversely related to silt and clay contents. in the soil. For further information on nematodes, Dr.
Reproduction of M. incognita are said to be CONCLUSION Sonia Steenkamp can be contacted at 018
greater in soils with high sand content than 299 6100. References obtainable.
those with a lower sand content, resulting in Until such time as the new novel nematicides

Katoen SA Cotton 21 September 2014