Page 29 - EM BIOLOGY NOTES 10TH CLASS PSR DIGITAL BOOKS

 Partially digested food chyme is released in small amounts by pyloric sphincter muscles
reach small intestine.
 In Duodenum :-
 Duodenum is the first part of the small intestine.
 Bile juice secreted by liver and pancreatic juice secreted by pancreas, release into
Duodenum.
 Bile juice does not contain enzymes. But it contain ‘Bile salts’. Emulsification of fats is
done by Bile juice.
 Emulsification means big fat molecules are converted into small globule like forms by
the help of bile juice.
 Pancreatic juice contains three enzymes. They acts as follows

1. Carbohydrates  "  Maltose
"Amylase
2. Proteins   Peptones
sin"
"Tryp
3. Fats  "  Fatty acids and glycerol
"Lipase
 In small intestine :-
 Complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, fats takes place in the small intestine
by intestinal juice.
 Intestinal juice contains more than 5 enzymes acts as follows.
1. Maltose   Glucose 2. Sucrase   Glucose
"Sucrase"
"Maltase"
3. Lactose   Glucose 4. Peptones   Amino acids
peptidase
"Lactase"
5. Fats   Fatty acids + Glycerol.
"Lipase"
 Finger like projections present in the walls of the small intestine are called Villi. They
absorb the digested food into the blood.
 Un-digested food is sent into large intestine.
 In Large intestine most of the water present in the non-digested food is absorbed into the
blood.
 This material is then expelled through the anus which is the last part of the alimentary
canal.
 Carbohydrates are not digested in the stomach because ...
 As the medium in the stomach is acidic, the carbohydrates are not digested in the
acidic medium.
 For the digestion of carbohydrates, enzymes ptyalin or amylase are required. They can’t
present in the gastric juice. So, carbohydrates are not digested in the stomach.
 Roughages are fibres of either carbohydrates or proteins. They help in easy movement of
food materials in alimentary canal and it prevents constipation. These are rich in veg-
etables, fruits ...
 Malnutrition :
 Eating of food that does not have one or more than one nutrients in the required amount
is known as Malnutrition.
 Malnutrition is of three types.
Calory Malnutrition
Protein Maluntrition
Protein calory Malnutrition

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