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ELEMENTS OF MUSIC (cont’d)

EXPRESSION:
Definition: The art of playing or singing with a personal response to the music.

Dynamics Tempo Articulation
 Pianissimo  Adagio  Legato, slur
 Piano  Largo, lento  Staccato, staccatissimo
 Fortissimo  Andante  Semi staccato
 Forte  Moderato  Sforzando, sforzato
 Mezzo piano  Allegro  fp
 Mezzo forte  Allegretto  Tremolo
 Crescendo  Vivace, vivo  Roll
 Decrescendo or  Presto  Tenuto
diminuendo  Accelerando  Accent
 Subito  Ritardando, rallentando  Portamento
 ritenuto
 Rubato
 Ad lib
 Poco, poco a poco
 Meno mosso
 Piu mosso
 A tempo, tempo primo

STRUCTURE:
Definition: The overall shape of a piece of music.

Musical Devices Form Large Forms/Styles
 repetition  Introduction, intro  Sonata
 sequence  Coda, outro  Concerto
 imitation  Binary  Cantata
 ornaments  Ternary  Oratorio
 Call and response  Strophic  Symphony
 Breaks and fills  Verse and chorus  Overture
 Canon  Through-composed  opera
 Riff  Chorus/refrain
 Ostinato  Ritornello
 Loop  Rondo
 Pedal  Sonata
 Drone  Air and recitative and aria
 Ground bass
 Improvisation
 Antiphonal
 Aleatoric
 da capo
 cadenza

CXC 31/G/SYLL 17 64