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Word/Term Definition/Meaning

Ethnographic
Categorisation of musical
instruments

(a) Aerophone An aerophone is an instrument whose sounds are made by
blowing air into a tube. Examples: recorder, flute, fife, trumpet,
bamboo saxophone.

(b) Chordophone A chordophone is an instrument whose sounds are made by
causing strings to vibrate, either by plucking them (as in a guitar)
or drawing a bow across them (as in a violin).

(c) Electrophone An electrophone is an instrument whose sound is created by
electronic means. Examples: electronic keyboard, electric guitar.

(d) Membranophone A membranophone is an instrument whose sound is facilitated
by the stretching of a skin over a hollow box or some other form
of resonator. Examples: conga, bongo, timpani (drums).

(e) Idiophone An idiophone is an instrument whose sound is created from the
material it is made of – that is, it is “self-sounding”, as the word
suggests. Examples: shakers, claves, jingles, maracas and other
small percussion instruments, which may be struck, shaken or
rasped.

Genre The generic term for a particular type of music, for example, Pop,
Jazz, Latin-American, Classical.

Graphic score A score that uses alternative notation graphic shapes to indicate
to the performers how the music should be performed.

Improvising The art of spontaneously creating or arranging music while in the
act of performing.

Jazz A style that originated in New Orleans, out of the music of the
Black American, then took many different sub-styles: blues, cool
jazz, swing, bebop, rock. It features solo improvisations over a
set harmonic progression.

Jonkunnu Processional song and dance music associated with the Christmas
season in Jamaica, employing fifes and rattling drums as well as
characterisations and costumes (including masks).

Kumina Jamaican cult, originating in Africa and practised mainly in St.
Thomas, St. Mary and St. Catherine.

CXC 31/G/SYLL 17 68