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NOTES
61. The object is in the Department of Oriental 9. Pharmakovsky in Transactions (Otchct) of the p. 115
and Classical Antiquities in the National Museum Russian Imperial Archaeological Commission, 1S97.
at Copenhagen. 10. The various interpretations of the vasc-
io* 62. E. Wallis Budge, Assyrian Sculpture in the design arc conveniently summarized by Franz
British Museum, reign of Assurnasirpal II, plates Hancar, Urgcschichtc Kaukasiens (Vienna, 1937),
___292-310; a number of those, e.g. by zoologists, are
xlix-lii.
63. Andrac, Coloured Ceramics of /issur, plates fanciful because they show unfamiliarity with the
20-8. procedure of primitive draughtsmen and interpret
the details too literally.
11. Woolley, V., Ur Excavations II. The Royal p. 116
CHAPTER 8
Cemetery, plates 166 and 167.
107 1. See R. Koldcwcy, Babylon (Das wicdcivr- 12. The stag occurs as attribute or mount of gods
steheude Babylon, 1925), and Die Tcmpcl von on a small stealite relief from Ycnikeuy (Rcmzi O.
Babylon und Borsippa (Leipzig, 1911). Antiquaries’ Arik, Lcs Fondles d'Ala^a Hiiyiik, 1937, 26, figure
Journal, x, plate xxxv; xi, 374 IF. Cli. Watelin,
36; Contenau, Manuel, iv, figure 1238), on a relief
Excavations at Kish, in (Paris, 1930).
from Malatya (Dclaporte, Malatya, plate xxii). The
. io3 2. The latest reconstruction is given by Andrac, $ occurs on Hittitc reliefs at Alaga Hiiyiik itself,
Die Ionische Saule (Berlin, 1933), plate vii. In colour, a$ we shall scc> -m a contcxt which icavcs it unccr.
Koldcwcy, Das wiedererstehende Babylon, Abb. 64. tain whcthcr thcy arc mere game. And a sUver
3. See O. E. Ravn, Herodotus Description of rhyton in the shape of a stag was found in a shaft
Babylon (Copenhagen, 1932). grave at Mycenae, and is rightly viewed as an
4. A. Parrot, Ziggurats ct Tour de Babel (Paris, importation from Asia Minor (Georg Karo, Die
l949). gives a survey of all the temple towers and of Schachtgrabcr von Mykenai (Munchcn, 1930-3). 94)-
the various solutions of that of Babylon. See also S. Przeworski: ‘Lc Culte du ccrf cn Ana­
tolic’ in Syria, xxi (1940), 61-76). At Yasilikaya the
CHAPTER 9 name o f the god no. 32 is written with a stag’s antler.
13. See Sedat Alp, in Jahrbuch fur Klcinasiatischc
\ in 1.1 have discussed this contact in American Journal Forschung, 1, 1950, 125 ff.; Gclb, idem, n (1951).
of Semitic Languages, Lvm (1941). 329~5S, and in the 23 fF.; Bittcl, in Historia, 1 (1950), 267 fF.
Appendix of the Birth of Civilization in the Near
East (London and Bloomington, 1951). 14. Sec above, pp. 29 and 37. p. 117
15. Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, 20S. There is a
p. 112 2. Carl W. Blcgciictal. Troy, 1 (Princeton, 1950),
figure 190; American Journal of Archaeology, xli difFcrencc even here: the wings of the disk are
straight in Syria, but the Hittites render diem with
(i937). plate xx.
curled-up tips.
3. Blcgcn, op. cit., for Hissarlik; Annals of
Archaeology and Anthropology (Liverpool), xxvi, 16. H. H. von dcr Osten et ah, The Alishar p. 11S
3S fF. and plates xl and xli for Mersin in Cilicia. Hiiyiik, Season 1930-32, u, 32, figure 30.
4. Winifred Lamb, The Excavations of Thermi in 17. C. F. A. SchaefFcr, Stratigraphic Comparee,
Lesbos (Cambridge, 1936). plate ix.
5. A. J. B. Wacc and M. S. Thompson, Prehis­ 18. A. Goetze, Kleinasien (Iwan von Miillcr-
toric Thessaly (Cambridge, 1912), 79-81. Walter Otto, Handbuch der Altcrtumswisscnschaft, m,
P-113 6. They arc classified according to their forms by I, 3). 155-
Dr Hamit Zubayr Kosay in Annual of the British 19. K. Bittel, Bogazkdy, Die Kleinfunde der p. 121
School of Archaeology at Athens (1937), 160-6. Grabungen, 1906-12 (Leipzig, 1937). plate 8.
P-114 7- The skeletons were not well enough pre­ 20. In Mitteilungen der Dcutschen Oricnt-Gesell-
served to allow the sex to be determined, but it has schaft, no. 76 (April 193 8), 21, fragments of a lioa
not unreasonably been assumed that where mirrors are mentioned. It remains to be seen whether or not
were found in a tomb the occupant was a woman these belong to guardians of a gate.
8. Figures found more recently show bands of 21. See B. Landsberger, Sam’al (Ankara, 1948), p. 122
silver along haunches or shoulders, or a body **3> n* 269.
spangled with pellets of red copper or silver. For 22. Kurt Brittcl, Die Ruinen von Boghazkoy,
some of these see
H. Z. Kosay, Lcs Fouillcs d’Ala^a figure 6. Bogazkoy, Die Kleinfunde der Grabungen,
Hoyuk (Ankara, 1951), plates 129 and 162.
1906-12 (Leipzig, 1937). plates 4-6.
S
245