Page 170 - Su'udi Relations with Eastern Arabi & Uman (1800-1870)

p

632 Warden, "Historical Sketch of the Joasmcc Tribe”, Bombay Selections, XXIV, p. 312;
Hawley, The TrucialStates, p. 109.
633 Ibid.
634 Sadlier, Diary, p. 145. Such dissent is evident in the actions of Sultan b. $aqr and Rashid b.
Humayd, who shook off their allegiance to Hasan b. Rahmah, the paramount shaykh of the
Qawasim. See Charles Belgrave, The Pirate Coast (London: G. Bell and Sons Ltd., 1966), p. 121.
635 See Saldanha, Precis of Nejd Affairs, p. 9; Kelly, Britain and the Persian Gulf, p. 135.
636 The Maratha kingdom in western India was founded in the 17th century grew into an empire
composed of a confederation of the Maratha states. The succeeding Maratha leaders opposed the
increasing power of the East India Company and engaged in frequent wars against its government.
Nonetheless, due to the disunity among the various Maratha chiefs and the poor condition of their
military equipment, their power was finally crushed by the British in 1818. The Pindaris consisted
of fighting men of all castes and classes. They affiliated themselves loosely with the Maratha amirs.
When the Maratha weakened, the Pindaris developed into an independent power and organized
annual raids on Indian territory under British jurisdiction. In late 1816, the English defeated them
and eliminated their threat. For information on the rise and fall of the Maratha empire and its
confrontations with the English, sec The Cambridge History of India, vol. IV, pp. 392-427.
637 Miles, Countries and Tribes, p. 324.
638 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 662.
639 Ibid.
640 Sadlier, Diary, p. 82.
641 Ibid, p. 102. Ibrahim Pasha proceeded to inform his father of Sadlicr’s arrival, mission, and
the discussion which took place between them, in a letter dated 21sr Dhul-Qa‘dah, 1234.
Document no. 115, Hijciz Files, no. 1, National Archives.
642 Warden to Keir, 27th October 1819, Persia and the Persian Gulf, vol. 32, India Office
Records, L/PS/9/78.
643 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 666.
644 Ibid.
645 Hennell, "Historical Sketch of the Joasmee Tribe, 1819-1831”, Bombay Selections, XXIV, p.
314.
646 Ibid.
647 Ibid.
648 Moyse-Bartlett, The Pirates, p. 108.
649 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 675; Moyse-Bartlett, The Pirates (London: Macdonald, 1966),
p. 111.
650 Complete texts of this and other treaties with the Qawasim are found in Aitchison, A
Collection, vol. 2, pp. 240-49.
651 Moyse-Bartlett, The Pirates, p. 110.
652 Major Clarence Mann, Abu Dhabi (Beirut: Khayata, 1964), p. 28.
653 Ibid.
654 Ibid,p. 38.
655 Ibid.
656 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 664.
657 Ibid.
658 Warden to Keir, 27 November 1819, Persia and Persian Gulf, vol. 35, India Office Records,
L/PS/9/81.
659 Lorimer, Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 665.
660 Moyse-Bartlett, The Pirates, p. 110.
661 Ibid.
662 Lorimer,Gazetteer, vol. 1, p. 665.
663 Moyse-Bartlett, The Pirates, p. 126.
664 Ibid, p. 124; Hawley, The Trucial States, p. 131.
665 Hennell, "Historical Sketch of the Joasmee Tribe, 1819-1831”, Bombay Selections, XXIV, p.
315.
666 H. H. Whitelock, "An Account of Arabs who Inhabit the Coast”, Annual Report for 1835-36,
p. 31.
164