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108 Arabian Studies IV
17. G. W. F. Stripling, ‘The Ottoman Turks and the Arabs, 1517-1574’,
Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences, XXVI, No. 4, Illinois, 1942, 129.
18. The Itinerary of Ludovico di Varthema of Bologna from 1502 to
1508, London, 1928, 26.
19. AbQ Makhramah, Political History of the Yemen at the Beginning
of the 16th Century, Amsterdam, 1960, 12-13.
20. R. B. Serjeant, The Portuguese off the South Arabian Coast,
Oxford, 1963, 47, quoting T&fikh Shanbal.
21. E. Sanccau, Indies Adventure: the amazing career of Afonso
Albuquerque, London, 1936.
22. Commentaries of the Great Afonso Dalboquerque, Second Viceroy
of India, London, 1884, IV, 37.
23. Sanceau, op. cit., 216.
24. E. Denison Ross, ‘The Portuguese in India and Arabia between
1507 and 1538’, J.R.A.S., 1921, 556, quoting Barros, Decada II, LIV.VII,
chap. 9 et seq.
25. E. Denison Ross, op. cit., 558, quoting Hajjl al-Dabir and al-Dayba‘.
26. Sanceau, op. cit. 220.
27. Abu Makhramah, op. cit., 17-19, and Serjeant, op. cit., 48-50.
28. AbQ Makhramah, op. cit. 19.
29. Serjeant, op. cit., 17 and Abu Makhramah, op. cit., 31.
30. The Book of Duarte Barbosa, London, 1918,1, 52.
31. M. Longworth Dames, ‘The Portuguese and Turkey in the Indian
Ocean in the Sixteenth Century’, J.R.A.S., 1921, 12-13.
32. Duarte Barbosa, op. cit., 52.
33. Stripling, op. cit., 88-9, and Hajji Khalifah, The History of the
Maritime Wars of the Turks, London, 1831.
34. E. Denison Ross, ‘The Portuguese in India and Arabia’, J.R.A.S.,
1922,8-10.
35. Serjeant, op. cit., 69.
36. Kammerer, La Mcr Rouge, 73.
37. Serjeant, op. cit., 86.
38. A. S. Tritton, The Rise of the Imams of Sanaa, London, 1925, 80.
39. Ibid., 136.
40. Ovington, ‘Notes on the Red Sea Ports, 1690-1693’, in The Red Sea
and Adjacent Countries at the Close of the Seventeenth Centu/y, ed. Sir
Wm. Foster, London, 1949.
41. A. Hamilton, A New Account of the East Indies, London, 1727, 37.
42. J. Bruce, Travels between the years 1768 and 1773 through part of
Africa, Syria, Egypt and Arabia into Abyssinia, London, 1805.
43. H. Rooke, Travels to the Coast of Arabia Felix, Letter No. 7,
London, 1783.
44. Niebuhr, Travels through Arabia, reprint Beirut, II, 54.
45. Murray, Account of the Life of Jas. Bruce, London, 1808.
46. H. St. J. Philby, Sa’udi Arabia, Beirut, 1968, 113.
47. Ibid.
48. George, Viscount Valentia, Voyages and travels to India, Ceylon,