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ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨﻌﻖ ﺮﻏﺍﺏ
ﻻ ﺎﺑﻻﺲﻣ ﻭﺍﻮﻴﻟﻡ ﻧﻌﻴﻖ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺎﻴﺻﺡ ﺪﻠﻟﻮﻳﻙ
ﻻ ﺎﺑﻷﺲﺳﻭﻻ ﺍﻮﻴﻟﻡ ﻧﻌﻴﻖ
ﺗﻠﻜﻢ ﺗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ٠٠٠ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻮﻠﺨﻟﺩ
ﻭﻦﻣ ﺍﻷﺎﻤﺳﺀ ﺍﻷﺮﺧﻯ ﺍﻰﺘﻟ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺤﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ ﺍﺳﻤﻢ ﺎﺗﻮﻠﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺮﻋﺖﻓ ﺑﻪ ٠ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻻﺮﻏﻖﻳ ﻭﺍﺮﻟﻭﺎﻣﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻕ ﺃﻭﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﺮﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺎﻛﻮﻧﺍ ﻮﻤﺴﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﺑﻢﺳ (ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻭﺱ) .ﻭﻗﺪ ﺭﺖﻤﺳ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺮﺨﻟﺍﻂﺋ ﺍﻮﻴﻟﺎﻧﺔﻴﻧ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺎﻬﻧ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺎﺗﻮﻠﻳﺱ ٠
ﻟﻘﺪ ﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻮﻗﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﺍﻢﻴﻈﻌﻟ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻑ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﻢ ﺍﻰﻟ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺭﻮﻠﺳﺍ ﻻﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﺰﺠﻟﺮﻳﺓ ﺍﺮﻌﻟﺔﻲﻴﻓﺑﻭ٠
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﻢ ﻧﺰﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺫﺮﻛﻭﺎﻫ ﺎﺑﻞﻴﺼﻔﺘﻟ ﻭﺳﻤﻮﺎﻫ ﺎﺑﻢﺳ ﺎﺗﻮﻠﻳﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﺍﻃﻠﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﻭﺻﻔﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ
ﺰﺟﺮﻳﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻋﺬﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺎﺠﺷﺭ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ٠ﻛﻤﺎ ﺪﺤﺗﻮﺛﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻮﺹ ﻭﻦﻋ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺍﺪﺟﺓ ٠ﻭﺪﻗ ﺑﻘﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺰﺠﺑﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺭﻭﻦﻴﻴﺑ ﺍﻝ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﺮﻘﻟﻥ ﺍﺎﺴﻟﻊﺑ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺎﻛﻮﻧﺍ ﺮﻳﻥﻮﻤﺳ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺞﻴﻠﺨﻟﻭﻥﻮﻘﻠﻄﻳ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻢﺳ ﺎﺗﻮﻠﻳﺱ ٠
ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻂﺋ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺴﻧﻭﻥﻮﻳ ﻭﺍﻻﺎﻤﻟﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﺰﻴﻠﺠﻧ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﻢﺳ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺱ ﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ
(ﺍﺎﻨﻤﻟﺔﻣ) .ﻭﺍﺭﺍﺩﻭﺱ ﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﻮﻧﺎﺍ ﻮﻤﺴﻳﺎﻬﻧ (ﺰﺟﺮﻳﺓ ﺮﻋﺍﺩ) ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺬﻫﻩ ﺍﺮﺨﻟﺍﻂﺋﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﺔﻴﺨﻳ ﺍﻰﻟ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩﻱ ﻭﺖﺒﺘﻛ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﺔﻴﻨﻴﺗ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ،ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻂﺋ ﺎﻛﺖﻧ ﻓﻲ ﺎﺣﻻﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺪﻘﺗﺭ
ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺮﻕ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ .
ﺍﻻﻢﺳ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟ ﺍﺚﻟﺬﻱﺍﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﺦﻳ ﺰﺠﻟﺭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﻭﺬﻫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﺻﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ
ﺍ ﺍﺍﺽ ﺍ
ﻳﻨﻜﺍﺮﺍﻧﺎﻟ ﻳﺠﺞﻮ ﺍ(ﻟﻷﻣﺔﻌﺒﻲﺍﻥ ﺗﺒﺎ
ﺭﻴﺑﺔﻌ:ﻭﻲﻫﺗﻘﻠﺐﻭﺮﻜﻳ،ﻭﺰﻨﻋﺓﻭﺪﺒﻋﺍﻟﻘﻴﻲﺎﺘﻗﺧﺍﺪﺭﺍ ﻛﻭﻠﻴﺐﺑﻦﺍﻭ٥ﺋﺃﻣﻴﺮﺍﻢﻬﻴﻠﻋ٠-ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﻨﺎﺀ-ﻭﺍ٥ﺋﺰﻘﻴﻗﺘﺳﺪﻭﺍﺴﺴ-ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ
ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺻﻨﻤﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﻭﺍﻝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺪﺃﻭﺍ ﺪﺒﻌﺘﻳﻥﻭﻩ!ﻭﺮﺒﺘﻳﻥﻮﻛ ﻳﻪ ﻓﺴﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻪ ﺗﺒﺮﻛﺎ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ
ﺍ ﺍ"ﺍ١ ﺻﺺ ﺳﺲ"
ﺍﻟﻤﻻﻆﺣﺍﻥﺍﻢﺳﻛﻠﻴ"ﺍﺐ_ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺑﺎ_ﻗﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤ"ﺮﻳﻦﺇﻰﻟﻭﺎﻨﺘﻗ ﺍﻟﺳﺤﺎﺍﻢﺿﺮ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻻﻝ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ (ﺍﺩﺍﺭ ﺐﻴﻥﻠ٠ﻛ) ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻥًﻨﺴ ٠ﺐ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ
ﻭﺍ٥ﺋ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺐ .
ﻘﻟﺬ ﻛﺎﻥﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻟﺠﺰﺭ ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ (ﻥﻮﻤﻠﺗ) ﻭﺍﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﺬ
ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻰ 2300ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻢﺳ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺛﺎﺭﺎﻀﺣﺭﺓ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻲﻘﻴﻨﻴﻔﻟ (ﺎﺗﻮﻠﻳﺱ) ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻲﻟ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺎﺨﻟﺲﻣ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩﻱ ٠ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻚﻟ ﺍﺩﺧﻞ ﻋﺮﺏ ﺍﺎﺠﻟﺔﻴﻠﻫ ﺍﻢﺳ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ٠ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻻ
ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺱ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺕ ﺬﻫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﺎﺜﻟﺚﻟ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ،ﻭﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ
ﻭﺃﺮﺧﻯ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻞﻤﻌﺘﺳ ﺍﻢﺳ (ﺍﻭﺍﻝ) ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﺦﻳ ،ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺪﺤﻣﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺮﻘﻟﻥ
""ﺃ" ﻋﺠﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺭ ﻓﺍﻨﺪﺧﺋﺁﻴﺪﻴﻻﻦﻣ ﺍﺩﺍﻟﺔﻗﺎﺩ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺳﺎﻣﺪ ﻔﻟﺍﻲﻘ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﺩﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻧًﺎﺘ
ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺎﺑﻢﺳ ٠ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ٠ ٠
١ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﻤﻢ ٠ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ٠ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺔﻴﺑ ﺎﻨﻬﻓﻙ ﺛﻻﺙ ﺧﺮﺍﻂﺋﺎﺗﺭﺔﻴﺨﻳ ﺭﺖﻤﺳ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺮﻐﺠﻟﺍﻦﻴﻴﻓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻥﺮﻘﻟ
ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﻱ ٠ﺃﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﺍﻂﺋ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺎﻗﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻲﻓﺍﻻﺳﻻﻣﻰ ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﺮﺨﻄﺻﻯ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﺍﺭ ٠
ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﺠﺮﻱ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻴﻦﺰﺟﺮﻳﺓ ٠ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ٠ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩ ﺍﺛﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺱﻣﻮﺍﺯﺔﻳ ﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﺬﻧﺍﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺮﻦﻳ ٠ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺩﻟﺨﻳﺮﺍﺎﻂﺋ ٠ﺻﺭﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻷﻌﺑﺮﺏﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻮﺣﻞﻗ ﺭﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 367
ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔ 977ﻣﻴﻻﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺰﺟﺮﻳﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ٠ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺮﻘﻣﺔﺑ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺐ ﺩﺟﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍﻕ ،ﻭﺍﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺮﺨﻟﺍﻂﺋ ﻓﻬﻲ
ﻷﺑﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ 375ﻫﺠﺮﻳﺔﻡ 985ﻭﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺩﺍ٥ﺋﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ
ﺮﻗﺎﺒﻳ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﺠﺮ .
ﻟﻘﺪ ﻭﺖﻔﺻ ٠ﺃﻭﺍﻝ« ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﻻﻣﻲ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺰﺟﺭ ٠ﺃﻭﺍﻝ ٠ﻓﻲ
ﺍﺗﻜﺜﻐﺎﺃﻗﻖ ،ﺃﺷﺸﻜﻤﺚjﺍ.ﺗﺸﻴﺎﺓ
.ﺗﺍﻟﺒﻤﺤﻲﺔﻣﺎﺪﻳﺔﻋﺩﺩ
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