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Notes 213

and Religion in Oman and Trucial Oman’, in The Arabian Peninsula:
Society and Politics cd. Derek Hopwood (London, 1972).
53. Before the outcome of ‘Isa’s expedition had become known, the rulers
on the Coast were naturally apprehensive of the possibility of a Wahhabi
counter-move, which inevitably would have had violent repercussions
in the different shaykhdoms. It obviously was the wrong time for
the perpetuation of a feud between Abu Dhabi and the Bani Qitab,
so Hamad bin Ibrahim of Umm al-Qaiwain successfully arranged for
the conclusion of peace between Sultan bin Zayd and Muhammad
bin ‘Ali bin Huwayydin early in December 1925. (R/15/1/250, Residency
Agent to Political Resident, 17 Jumada 1 1344 (4 Dee 1925) and
2 Jumada 11 1344 (18 Dee 1925).) Sultan had little choice but to
agree to the terms of the peace agreement, his tribal control in the
area that his father had commanded with case being severely challenged
by the presence of the Wahhabi zakat collectors.
54. L/P&S/i 1/294, P6690/28, Thomas to Political Resident, 13 June 1927.
55. L/P&S/i 1/222, P2433/1926, Political Resident to Colonial Office, 9
June 1926.
56. L/P&S/i 1 /195, P*343/21 (P2494/26), Political Resident to Government
of India, 26 June 1926.
57. Amccn Rihani, the Lebanese writer, was present when Hazza‘ bin
Sultan arrived in Riyadh, and he gave his impressions of the scene:
‘a boy of fifteen, who came with a retinue of sheikhs and slaves
and a gift of ten beautiful Oman dromedaries;—came riding across
the many deserts from Dubai on the Gulf to al-Riyadh . . . bringing
the salaam of his father, the biggest of the sheikhs of Oman. . . .
And this son of I bn Zaied carried a big jewelled sword, walked barefoot,
and wore, as another mark of distinction, an embroidered head-kerchief
of Cashmere weave’ (Ibn Sa'oud, p. 230). In return, Hazza‘ was given
8000 rupees (£70) twenty rifles and two marcs; each of his twenty
men was given a suit of clothes and a sum of money (ibid., p.
23O.
58. R/15/2/544. Residency Agent to Officiating Political Resident, 9 Jumada
» *353 (19 Sep 1934)-
59. L/P&S/10, P595/i927(i), P4575/27 (P3996/27), Political Resident to
Government of India, 30 Apr and 7 May 1927.
60. L/P&S/i 1/277, P1958/27, P3945/27, Report from Senior Naval Officer
to India Office, 1 May 1927.
61. Ibid., P1958/27, P2367/27, Secretary of Political Resident to British
Minister Tehran, 14 Apr 1927 (telegram).
62. L/P&S/10, P4011/1923(2), P3077/28, Political Resident to Government
of India, 12 June 1928 (telegram).
63. Ibid., P5125/28, Political Resident to Government of India, 20 Sep
1928.
64. L/P&S/10, P4535/i928(2), P4017/28, Senior Naval Officer to Admiralty,
30 July 1928 (telegram).
65. In the treaty of 1820 Britain undertook to protect the Trucial Coast
from attack by sea, and in that of 1892 the rulers of the Trucial
Coast were forbidden to enter into any agreement or correspondence
with any country other than Great Britain. In 1903 Curzon promised