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310 Chapter 16. Radar and Navigation
the target and echo signal to return back, the distance of the target can
be calculated. The direction of the received echo signal gives an idea
about the angular position of the target. It is also possible to detect the
height, speed and direction of a moving target.
Transmitted signal Target
Returning signal
Transmitter Duplexer
Transmitter/receiver
Antenna
Reciever
Figure 16.1: Basic block diagram for radar
The display systems of radar provide the range information such as
azimuth, altitude and distance of the target. Commonly used displays
are Plan position Indicator (PPI)and Amplitude Scope (A Scope).
16.2 Radar equation
Basic radar range equations is given below.
CT
R = (16.1)
2
where
R = Range.
C = Velocity of electromagnetic waves.
T = Time elapsed between transmission and reception of signal.
Consider the Figure 16.2
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