Page 28 - BUKU PROGRAM_ iMAACs

International MAAC Symposium 2019
Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia. 25-26 September 2019

[ID PA3003]
Development of high calcium flour from fish bones of Japanese Scad (Decapterus maruadsi)
and characterization of nutritional quality
Noor Ain binti Abd Hamid 1,a
1 Department of Agrotechnology and Bioindustry, Politeknik Jeli Kelantan,
17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia.
a noorain@pjk.edu.my

Abstract. This research is intended to produce high calcium flour from Japanese Scad bones. Japanese
Scad is known in east coast especially in fish cracker industry. Japanese Scad’s bones are obtained
from otoshimi manufacture in Besut Terengganu. Fish bone waste can produce good quality of products
such as food, cosmetics and drinking water filter. Furthermore, this research is to study the nutrition of
fish bone flour and nutrition of food that is made of Japanese Scad’s bones through proximal testing and
sensory analysis using these products by doing a questionnaire survey. Using fish bone flour in the food
as an enhancer can increase nutrition calcium in the product. In the industry, most of the products use
calcium from dairy products for example milk, cheese and yogurt. In most countries, large quantities of
fish waste and fish product are dumped to the environment and converted it as a source of pollution.
The extraction of fish bone flour was made by using the method (Mulia, 2004). Fritters are produced by
using fish bone waste to assess the level of calcium in fish bone flour. The result of proximal test from
100mg of fish bone flour contained 34% of calcium. Through microbial testing, fish bone powder is also
safe as it does not contain salmonella, yeast and fungal bacteria. Nutrition analysis of food product
which is fritters also showes a high percentage of calcium of 6076.3mg in 100g of samples. Overall
product acceptance shows that the mean level is 3.67 (Levin and Rubin, 2000). This study is crucial to
create new innovative products that can be commercialized through waste from the fishing industry and
thus reduce environmental pollution problems.

Key words: Flour, Bone, Japanese Scad

[ID PA1028]

Modelling and Simulation of Battery Electric Vehicle with consideration of Propulsion Load and
Auxiliary Load

1,a
Tengku Azman Tengku Mohd , Mohd Khair Hassan , Ishak Aris and Azura Che Soh 2
2
2,b
1 Politeknik Kuala Terengganu, Jalan Sultan Ismail, 20200 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu,
2
Malaysia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E-mail tgazman@pkt.edu.my, khair@upm.edu.my
: a
b

Abstract. As electric vehicle becomes a favorable alternative for sustainable and cleaner energy
emission in transportation, modeling and simulation of electric vehicle has attracted increasing attentions
to the researchers. The preliminary study of electric vehicle is preferably done using simulation software
to avoid expensive on the road test and reducing manufacturing time. Therefore, it is important to ensure
a comprehensive simulation model of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) considering both propulsion and
auxiliary load in order to obtain accurate data analysis. This new and improved BEV simulation model
was developed based on mathematical equation using white-box modelling in Matlab-Simulink
environment. The model consists of BEV powertrain; HV and LV battery, DC-DC converter, DC-AC
inverter/rectifier, transmission gearing, tire, vehicle dynamic, controller (driver), electrical motor (PMAC)
as propulsion load and two groups of auxiliary loads. The simulation test in three driving cycles has
verified its robustness and effectiveness in achieving the performance objectives.

Keywords: modelling, battery electric vehicle, propulsion load, auxiliary load, Matlab-Simulink.

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