Page 241 - Chinese and japanese porcelain silk and lacquer Canepa

Parris Island in South Carolina. Santa Elena, originally intended as the capital of 685 Published in Pomper, Legg and DePratter, 2011, in the so-called Transitional porcelain during the Chongzhen reign. The villa of
681
697
Florida, was inhabited from 1566 to 1587. The shard finds form part of at least 76 p. 41, fig. 18. Santa Fe served as the terminus of the overland trade route, known as the Camino Real
686 Fujian Provincial Museum, 1997, pl. 11, no. 1.
pieces. Most of the shards are of plates from Jingdezhen, including shards of plates 687 See Chapter II, note 254. de Tierra Adentro (Royal Road of the Interior Land), which connected Mexico City
682
with the phoenix in profile design, similar to those excavated in Mexico City. There 688 A small number of porcelain shards have been also and Veracruz (through Nueva Galicia and Nueva Vizcaya) with New Mexico during
excavated at Franciscan missions, including the
are also shards of bowls variously decorated with Chinese characters, Chinese figures, missions of Quarai, Abó, Awatovi and Pecos, but the Spanish colonial period. Finds at rural sites near Santa Fe clearly indicate that
698
the finds published thus far are out of the scope of
landscape scenes with pine trees, or blossoming prunus branches pending from the rim, this doctoral dissertation because they date to the colonists who established homes in isolated estancias (ranches) had both the desire and
which relate to finds from the shipwreck of the Manila Galleon San Felipe (1576) and late seventeenth century onwards. I am grateful to economic capacity to acquire porcelain, if only in small quantities. Four blue-and-
699
Cordelia Thomas Snow, David Phillips, curator of
the Church of Santa María de los Corporales in Daroca, Zaragoza (Fig. 3.3.1.1.21). Archaeology Maxwell Museum, and other members white shards of Kraak porcelain and two others of the so-called Transitional porcelain
of the New Mexico Archaeological Council, for
In addition, there are shards of a bowl decorated with sketchily painted dragons, 683 sending me information and images of the porcelain were excavated at an estancia known as the Sanchez Site (LA 20,000) in lower La
similar to examples recovered from the San Felipe (1576) and the San Pedro, which excavated in New Mexico. Although no material Cienega, a villa situated about 24km southwest of Santa Fe.
700
evidence has been found it is likely that late Ming
sank while en route from Veracruz to Spain in 1595. In addition, the site yielded porcelain was imported alongside silk, as shown While admittedly sparse, documentary evidence indicates that some of the
684
in Chapter II, through the overland mission supply
two white-glazed bowls (now partially reconstructed), of related shape to examples caravans in the early seventeenth century. Most porcelain imported into Acapulco in the late sixteenth century was among the
recovered from the Portuguese shipwreck Espadarte (1558) (Fig. 3.1.1.8); and a few of the ceramic material found at all mission sites common household items owned by Spanish colonists in Puebla de Los Angeles, a
consists of Pueblo ceramics. For information on the
shards of Zhangzhou porcelain decorated with flowers and leaves executed with broad porcelain excavated at the missions, see Alfred V. city founded 130km to the southeast of Mexico City in 1531. This is not surprising as
Kidder, The 1939-1940 Excavation Project at Quarai
blue brushstrokes (Fig. 3.3.1.1.22), which probably formed part of a saucer dish of Pueblo and Mission Buildings, New Mexico, 1990, p. Puebla was situated midway on the mule route overland from Acapulco to Veracruz.
684
167; and Trigg, 2005, p. 113.
the type excavated at the Erlong kiln site in Pinghe county (Appendix 2). 689 According to Thomas Snow, the majority of the An early example is that of a man named Jerónimo de la Fuente, who was a maestro de
686
By the early seventeenth century, a small quantity of porcelain, alongside silk, settlers were descended from second and third cantería (master of stone carving) from Toledo (Spain). An inventory of his possessions,
generation of Spanish conquerors, and others
made its way to Spanish settlements in the northernmost province of New Mexico. 687 arrived in New Mexico directly from Spain. Cordelia taken in 1589, lists a ‘dozen Chinese plates and bowls valued at 5 pesos, two large
Although excavated colonial sites of this period are not numerous, shards of porcelain Thomas Snow, ‘Objects Supporting Ideas: A Study porcelains of China valued at 3 pesos’. The presence of porcelain in this area is
701
of Archaeological Majolica and Polite Behaviour
have been found at urban and rural settlements. The porcelain could have been Fig. 3.3.1.1.21 Shard of a blue-and-white bowl in New Mexico, 1598–1846’, The Archaeological further demonstrated by a few shards of sixteenth and early seventeenth century blue-
688
Society of New Mexico, No. 31, 2005, p. 194.
brought by the colonists when they emigrated there or could have arrived through the excavated at Santa Elena, Parris Island, South 690 Trigg, 2005, pp. 15 and 178. and-white porcelain excavated just northwest of Puebla at the church and convent
Carolina 691 Snow, 2005, p. 188.
overland mission supply caravans provided by the Spanish Crown, which regularly of San Miguel in Huejotzingo, which was built between about 1554 and 1570 by
Jingdezhen kilns, Jiangxi province 692 Heather B. Trigg, ‘The Ties that Blind: Economic and
supplied imported ceramics, and once there, may have been exchanged among the Ming dynasty, Wanli reign (1573–1620) Social Interactions in Early-Colonial New Mexico, Franciscan friars. The fact that the amount of porcelain found at this religious site
Spanish colonists’ (including governors and encomenderos) households. Thus © Chester DePatter A.D. 1598–1680’, Historical Archaeology, Vol. 37, No. was proportionally higher than that of European ceramics suggests that porcelain was
689
690
2 (2003), pp. 66–67.
porcelain appears to have been desired by the early colonists, not only for its practical Fig. 3.3.1.1.22 Shards of Zhangzhou blue- 693 Two blue-and-white shards of Jingdezeh porcelain more available and/or that the Franciscans desired it more and could afford it. It
702
are illustrated in the web page The Testimony of
function in the household but also because it would have served to exhibit to others and-white porcelain excavated at Santa Elena, Hands. https://hands.unm.edu/68-43-56. Accessed is important to remember that the Franciscan Mendicant Order was, together with
Parris Island, South Carolina June 2013. These shards together with the Kinrande
their social status and wealth. As noted by Thomas Snow, porcelain together with Zhangzhou kilns, Fujian province shard are discussed and illustrated in Pierce, 2010, the Spanish Crown, Spanish colonial political elites, governors and clergy, one of the
imported Mexican and Spanish majolica (tin-glazed earthenware) were a means by Ming dynasty, Wanli reign (1573–1620) p. 159, fig. 7. The Kinrande shard is also published in major participants in the colony-empire trade. Until 1664, the Crown facilitated
703
Shulsky, 1994, p. 15, fig. 1.
© Chester DePatter
which the colonists maintained their ties to polite society and mannerly behaviour of 694 Pierce, 2010, p. 159. the Franciscan’s trade by providing commodities and wagons of the supply caravans
695 Viceroy Peralta, in keeping with the villa’s status as
the Spanish culture of which they were a part. Archaeological finds, however, show capital of the colony, established the casas reales for their use.
691
677 AHCM, section B, box 4, exp. 4. Cited in Machuca to serve as a home for the governor, a fortification,
that the early colonists owned only limited quantities of porcelain in comparison to Chávez, 2010, p. 21. storerooms, and a prison. Trigg, 2005, p. 69. Material evidence shows that porcelain also circulated to Spanish colonial
Mexican and Spanish majolica brought to New Mexico or to ceramics made locally by 678 David H. White, ‘A View of Spanish West Florida: 696 The blue monochrome and gilt shards have been settlements in southern New Spain. A few shards of late Ming blue-and-white
Selected Letters of Governor Juan Vicente Folch’, dated to between 1610 and 1680, the terminus date
native Pueblo Indians. The Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol. 56, No. 2 (Oct., corresponds to the year the native Pueblo Indians porcelain were excavated at the former convent of the religious Mendicant Order of
692
1977), p. 138. revolted and attacked Santa Fe. The revolt forced
The finds from urban sites include a few shards of Jingdezhen blue-and-white 679 n 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon first explored the the Spanish colonists to retreat southward out the Dominicans in Oaxaca (present-day Mexico), bordering Veracruz to the north and
I
porcelain dating to the Wanli reign, and one other Jingdezhen shard of the Kinrande continent, where he discovered the bay of Saint of New Mexico. Only twelve years later, in 1692, a the Pacific in the south. The remains of the convent Santo Domingo de Guzmán,
704
Augustine in Florida. The French had established Spanish army under the command of Diego de
type decorated in cobalt blue on one side and overglaze red enamel on the other, a colony of three hundred people on the Carolina Vargas returned and conquered New Mexico again. which began to be constructed in 1572, yielded shards that formed part of a few
coast. A few days after Pedro Menéndez de Aviles For this opinion, see Shulsky, 1994, p. 17. For images
excavated from the Spanish settlement San Gabriel del Yunque, the capital of New (1519–1574) founded Saint Augustine, he moved of the shards, see Kuwayama, 1997, p. 69, fig. 23; and Kraak plates with continuous naturalistic rim borders (Fig. 3.3.1.1.23), dishes with
Mexico founded in 1598. Thus far this is the earliest porcelain known to have northward and after a fierce attack destroyed the Pierce, 2010, p. 162, fig. 13a. panelled rim borders (Fig. 3.3.1.1.24), cups of the type known as ‘crow cups’ and
693
French colony. 697 Published in Shulsky, 1994, p. 17, fig. 5; and Pierce,
arrived in New Mexico, during the period between 1598 and 1610, when San Gabriel 680 Linda S. Shulsky, ‘Chinese Porcelain in Spanish 2010, p. 162, fig. 12b (right hand side). small bowls with deer surrounded by foliate and wheel motifs (Fig. 3.3.1.1.25), which
Colonial Sites in the Southern Part of North America 698 Santa Fe was the largest Spanish settlement in New
was abandoned. A few other shards of Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain that and the Caribbean’, Transactions of the Oriental Mexico. The Spanish term villa denotes that it was a relate closely to pieces recovered from the Spanish shipwreck San Diego (1600) and the
694
probably formed part of a small cup of the Kraak type and two shards of a bowl Ceramic Society, Vol. 63, 1998–1999, p. 91 and p. 93, settlement of limited size and complexity, but that it VOC shipwreck Witte Leeuw (1613). It also yielded Zhangzhou shards that formed
705
fig. 9. had a complete civil government. A villa was smaller
with monochrome blue-glaze and gilded decoration of the Kinrande type that may 681 I am greatly indebted to Linda Pomper and Chester than a ciudad but larger than a pueblo. According to part of saucer dish with a phoenix design within a diamond and trigram border (now
DePratter, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology the former Governor Martínez de Baeza, there were
have been similar to the example fitted with English gilt mounts in the Metropolitan and Anthropology, for providing me with images of only 50 inhabitants in Santa Fe in 1639 and that in the reconstructed) (Fig. 3.3.1.1.26), similar to those excavated at the Moneda Street site
706
Museum of Art discussed earlier (Fig. 3.2.2.11), all dating to the late sixteenth or the Jingdezhen and Zhangzhou porcelain excavated entire population of the colony was ‘two hundred in Mexico City, as well as shards of a bowl with floral decoration. The Dominican
707
at the site and for granting permission to include persons, Spaniards and mestizos’. About two thirds
early seventeenth century, were excavated from the site of the Palace of the Governors some of them in this doctoral dissertation. of the population lived in rural areas on ranchos or friars, as noted by Gómez Serafín, may have acquired the porcelain as gifts rather than
682 Published in Pomper, Legg and DePratter, 2011, pp. estancias. Trigg, 2005, pp. 69–70 and 72.
(former casas reales) in downtown Santa Fe, where the capital of New Mexico was 34–41, figs. 2–3, and 5–16. 699 The vast majority of the ceramic material excavated through direct purchase. 708
695
relocated in 1610. An interesting find is a blue-and-white shard decorated with a 683 Ibid., p. 37, fig. 9. from rural estancias was made locally by Pueblo A small number of shards of late Ming blue-and-white porcelain have been found
696
684 The author studied the shards of these bowls during Indians. Ibid., p. 107.
stylized four-petalled flower, which may have formed part of a high-quality ewer made a research trip to Bermuda in March 2012. 700 Mentioned in David H. Snow, ‘Ceramics from LA at two religious sites in Santiago de Guatemala (present-day La Antigua Guatemala),
240 Silk, Porcelain and Lacquer Trade in Chinese Porcelain 241