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26. Rupprich 1956, 1:166; Goris and Marlier 1971, 84. 36. Rupprich 1956, 1:106-108, no. 51; Strauss 19743, 43- Rupprich 1956, 1:160, 162, 163, 165, and 168; Goris
He also received a tortoise shell from Bernard 4:2246-2247, no. 1523/11. On monkeys in the and Marlier 1971, 72, 77, 79, 83, 86.
Stecher. Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Horst W. Janson, 44. Ezio Bassani and William B. Fagg, Africa and the
27. Rupprich 1956, 1:154, 156, 157, 175; Goris and Mar- Apes and Ape Lore in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: Art in Ivory (New York, 1988), 53; for
lier 1971, 63, 65-66, 67, 97-98 (Malaca here refers Renaissance (London, 1952), and Lach 1970, the saltcellars, 62-81 and 225-231.
to Malacca, not the Spanish Malaga). 2.1:175-178. 45. Rupprich 1956, 1:152 (also 181, ns. 132-133); Goris
28. Strauss 19743, 2:604-605, no. 1502/7; also Koreny 37. Rupprich 1956, 1:166; Goris and Marlier 1971, 83. and Marlier 1971, 59.
1988, 116, fig. ^.^-Renaissance Drawings from the 38. Rupprich 1956, 1:165; Goris and Marlier 1971, 82. 46. Rupprich 1956, 1:166; Goris and Marlier 1971, 83.
Ambrosiana (Notre Dame, 1984-1985), 192-193, no. For the Portuguese factors, see Veth and Muller 47. Rupprich 1956, 1:156, 162, 165, and 166; Goris and
84. For the symbolism of parrots, Emil Karel Josef 1918, 251-260; Goris 1925, 215-236. Marlier 1971, 65, 76, 81, 84.
Reznicek, "De reconstructie van YAltaer van S. 39. Veth and Muller 1918, 254-259; Goris 1925, 231- 48. Rupprich 1956, 1:156 (also 185, no. 225); Goris and
Lucas' van Maerten van Heemskerck," Oud-Holland 232. For the Saint Jerome, Erwin Panofsky, Albrecht Marlier, 1971, 66.
70 (1955), 238-241; Lach 1970, 2.1:179-180. On Durer, 2 vols. (Princeton, 1943), 211-213; Fedja 49. Rupprich 1956, 1:166; Goris and Marlier 1971, 84.
parrots and exotic birds in the Middle Ages and the Anzelewsky, Albrecht Durer. Das malerische Werk 50. Respectively Rupprich 1956, 1:152 and 164; Goris
Renaissance, Adolf Rieth, "Papageiendarstellungen (Berlin, 1971), 122-123, no. 14, figs. 12-13. and Marlier 1971, 59 and 80.
in der mittelalterliche Kunst Siidwestdeutschlands," 40. Strauss 19743, 4:2012—2013, no. 1521/8; Jean 51. See respectively Rupprich 1956, 1:163 (191, n. 412)
Nachrichtenblatt der Denkmalpflege in Baden- Devisse and Michel Mollat, Africans in the Chris- and 163-164; Goris and Marlier 1971, 79.
Wurttemberg 7 (1964), 53-55; Lach 1970, 2.1:178- tian Ordinance of the World. Fourteenth to the Six- 52. For a sixteenth-century collection in Nuremberg,
18 3. teenth Century, vol 11.2 of The Image of the Black in see Detlef Heikamp, "Diirers Entwiirfe fur Geweih-
29. Emil Reicke, Willibald Pirckheimers Briefwechsel, 2 Western Art (Lausanne, 1979), 253, fig. 263. For leuchter," Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte 23 (1960),
vols. (Munich, 1940-1956), 1:257-258; Lach 1970, blacks in Antwerp, Goris 1925, 31—32. 48-51.
2.1:179-180. 41. Rupprich 1956, 1:156 and 166; Goris and Marlier 53. Rolf Fritz, Die Gefasse aus Kokosnuss in Mittel-
30. Goetz, Freiherr von Polnitz, Jakob Fugger... 2 vols. 1971, 65 and 83. europa. 1520—1800 (Mainz, 1983), 13-18.
(Tubingen, 1949-1951), 179; Lach 1970, 2.1:180. 42. For the import of Chinese porcelain in Europe, see 54. Rupprich 1956, 1:176; Goris and Marlier 1971, 100.
31. Erich Konig, Konrad Peutingers Briefwechsel Lach 1970, 2.1, 104-109; and David Whitehouse, 55. I have not discussed the studies of foreign costumes
(Munich, 1923), 77-78; Lach 1970, 2.1:22. "Chinese Porcelain in Medieval Europe." Medieval that Diirer made in the Netherlands. For his study of
32. John Hemming, Red Gold. The Conquest of the Bra- Archaeology 16 (1973), 63-78. For their representa- Irish warriors and peasants, see cat. 208; also Henry
zilian Indians (London, 1978), 5. tion in Italian paintings of the late fifteenth and Foster McClintock, Old Irish and Highland Dress
33. Hugh Honour, The New Golden Land. European early sixteenth century, A. I. Spriggs, "Oriental (Dundalk, 1950), 30-31. For the drawings of Livo-
Images of America from the Discoveries to the Porcelain in Western Painting. 1450-1700," Transac- nian women, Strauss 19743, 4:2066-2071, nos.
Present Time (New York, 1975), 8, pi. i; also Wilma tions of the Oriental Ceramic Society 36 (1967), 73- 1521/37—1521/39; also Ursula Mende, "Diirers
George, Animals and Maps (London, 1969), 60. 74, pis. 57-59: two of the earliest examples are Zeichnungen livlandischer Frauentrachten und seine
34. Walter L. Strauss, The Complete Engravings, Etch- Francesco Benaglio's Madonna and Child and Feast sogenannte Tiirkin," in Kunstgeschichtliche Aufsatze
ings, and Drawings of Albrecht Diirer (New York, of the Gods by Giovanni Bellini and Titian, both in von seinen Schulern und Freunden des Heinz Laden-
1972), 42-43, no. 21; Walter L. Strauss, The Intaglio the National Gallery of Art. For an interesting but dorf zum 29. Juni 1969 gewidmet (Cologne, 1969),
Prints of Albrecht Diirer. Engravings, Etchings and problematic link between a drawing from Diirer's 24-40. See also Sebastian Killermann, Diirers Werk.
Drypoints (New York, 1976), 69-70, no. 21. circle and Chinese porcelain, see Robert Schmidt, Eine natur- und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung
35. B. Greiff, "Tagebuch des Lucas Rem aus den Jahren "China bei Diirer," Zeitschrift des deutschen Vereins (Regensburg, 1953), 67-69.
1494-1541," Sechsundzwanzigster Jahres-bericht des fur Kunstwissenschaft 6 (1939), 103-108. (For por- 56. See my essay "Early European Images of America,"
historischen Kreis-vereins... von Schwaben und celain in Europe in the Middle Ages, see also cats. note i, in this catalogue.
Neuburg (Augsburg, 1861), 31; Lach, 1970, 2.1:22. 15-16).
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