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Study Section 12: Purposeful Repetition or Anaphora

12.1 Connect
While unplanned repetition can make writing monotonous, careful use of the same word or phrase can
call attention to a point the writer is trying to make. Writing accomplishes some objective. Informal
texting may just communicate, but other forms of writing should be more purposeful.

12.2 Using anaphora in writing

Anaphora is a written or spoken method that involves the repetition of a word or phrase in successive
phrases or paragraphs. Anaphora is typically found in writing at the beginning of sentences. It is an
effective tool to help convey an argument.

Weak writers use anaphora by accident—that is not anaphora; that is poor word choice. An
accomplished speaker or writer will use anaphora with purpose and intent. Strong writers know exactly why they
are using anaphora. The repetition that anaphora creates is emphatic and forceful. A good writer knows this and
uses this device in order to help him communicate his argument.

Anaphora is abundant, both in the Bible and in the sermon. It is so common that it is easy to overlook and to abuse.
The goal, then, is to be more aware of anaphora and consider new ways to use it conscientiously and effectively.

Usage in the Bible
Readers can find this literary device in both testaments and in a variety of biblical genres, from poetry to epistles.
Anaphora serves a couple of functions. Many authors indicate that it can add emphasis to statements and
arguments by calling attention to them. Also, anaphora can gradually heighten intensity with each occurrence. As
an example, notice the repetition of "how long" in Psalm 13:

How long, Lord? Will you forget me forever?
How long will you hide your face from me?
How long must I wrestle with my thoughts
and day after day have sorrow in my heart?
How long will my enemy triumph over me?

Anaphora in speeches
Politicians and political figures often use anaphora in speeches to emphasize their points. A classic example of
anaphora comes from Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Dr. King uses the anaphoral phrase, “I
have a dream,” to start eight consecutive sentences. He uses anaphora to highlight the difference between how
things are and how he hopes they will be. Look for other anaphoral phrases in the following speech.

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