Page 49 - Basic English Grammar Student Textbook short

conjunctions.

Subordinating Conjunctions
after* because once unless where
although before* since until wherever
as by the time so that when whether or not
as if if that whenever why
as though in case

* after and before may also function as prepositions
• By the time he finished the test, it was dinner time.
• I left once he arrived.
Practice 8B: Independent and Dependent Clauses. Type ID under the independent and DP under the
dependent clauses.

1. Although he is an exceptional student, he struggled with the English class.
2. I waited to eat until she arrived.
3. Whether or not I agree with you, we can remain friends.
4. The students slept while the roosters were crowing.
5. Since the guest professors arrived, they have not slept.
6. The man plowed the field so that his family would have food.
7. We painted the house because the old paint was peeling off.
8. When Caleb ate his lunch, his hunger was satisfied.
9. By the time I arrived at the college, dinner had already been served.
10. Unless you are in charge, you do not make the decisions.

Phrases

A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and predicate; for example, a verb phrase
or a prepositional phrase or a noun phrase (appositive phrase).

• The work of the Lord is showing through me and Peter Jones, my pastor.
• The work (of the Lord) is showing (through me and Peter Jones), my pastor.

Verb Phrases
A verb phrase contains a helping verb, along with its main verb, which is either a linking verb or an action
verb.
NOTE: A clause – independent or dependent – may contain compound verb phrases.
In the example above, there is one verb phrase: is showing
Prepositional Phrases

A prepositional phrase contains a preposition and its object(s).
NOTE: A clause – independent or dependent – may contain multiple prepositional phrases.
In the example above, there are two prepositional phrases: of the Lord and through me and Peter Jones.

Noun Phrases (Appositive Phrase)
An appositive is a word that follows a noun and explains or identifies that noun. An appositive phrase is an
appositive with all its modifiers.

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