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Grammar Reference

Module 4 Negative TIME EXPRESSIONS NOTE It isn’t necessary to say
Future will or write to go
I tomorrow, tonight with the future going to.
Affirmative He/She/It will not / won’t work next week/month/Monday, etc. Ted’s going (to go)
soon jogging next weekend.
I in an hour/a year, etc.
He/She/It will work

We/You/They We/You/They will have to, will be able to
Questions
• Will have to expresses obligation in the future.

I We’ll have to train hard to take part in the race.
Will he/she/it work?
we/you/they • Will be able to expresses ability in the future.
When I go to Spain, I’ll be able to practise my Spanish.

We use the future will for: Adjectives - Adverbs of manner
• offers. I’ll help you with everything.
• promises. I promise, I’ll be there for you. • Adverbs of manner describe how something happens.
• requests. Will you do me a favour? • We form most adverbs of manner by adding -ly to the
• on-the-spot decisions. Fine, I’ll meet you in an hour.
• predictions, usually with the verbs think and believe. adjective.
I think he will be a great teacher one day. quiet  quietly
careful  carefully
TIME EXPRESSIONS
• Adjectives ending in a Irregular adverbs
tomorrow, tonight, soon, next week/month, consonant + -y, drop the -y
in an hour/week, etc. and take -ily. good  well
easy  easily fast  fast
Time Clauses (Present - Future) hard  hard
• Adjectives ending in -le, late  late
• Time clauses begin with when, after, before, as soon as, drop the -e and take -y. early  early
until, etc.
terrible  terribly
• When the sentence refers to the future, we usually use
the present simple in the time clause and the future will too / enough
in the main clause. • We use too before adjectives and adverbs. Too has a

negative meaning and it means ‘more than necessary’.

These shoes are too big. I need a smaller size.

Time clause Main clause • We use enough after adjectives and adverbs, but before

nouns. Enough has a positive meaning.

As soon as I know, I’ll tell you. The water isn’t warm enough. We can’t go swimming.

Before I leave, I’ll help you with the housework. We have enough food for tonight.

NOTEWhen the time clause comes before the main clause,  Relative pronouns (who, which, that) and
NOTEthe two clauses are separated by a comma.adverbs (where)

 Future going to The relative pronouns who, which, that and the
Affirmative adverb where introduce relative clauses.

I am going to work Pronouns Examples
He/She/It is going to work PEOPLE who/that
We/You/They are going to work The man who/that is driving
THINGS which/that that car is my uncle.
Negative ANIMALS The teacher (who/that) I like
IDEAS the most is Mrs Robins.
I ’m not going to work
He/She/It isn’t going to work Adverb The bag which/that is on the
We/You/They aren’t going to work table is mine.
The documentary (which/
that) I watched last night was
terrible.

Questions PLACE where The place where I live is
beautiful.
Am I going to work?

Is he/she/it going to work? • Who, which and that can be omitted when they refer
to the object.
Are we/you/they going to work?
• Where can never be omitted or replaced with that.
We use the future going to to express future plans.
Ben is going to buy a car next week.

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