Page 253 - Теория кавитации

environment of black holes. In passing, this plasma is somehow charged so strongly that
it starts to emit visible light, forming two bright jets along the axis of rotation of the
black hole. Scientists have long been trying to answer the question: what and at what
moment does the plasma rays shine? (It is precisely these questions that correspond to
the effect of cavitation: the plasma begins to shine as soon as cavitation starts its active
action, amplified by electromagnetism, - note Aubakir D.A.!). Thanks to the NASA
“NuSTAR” space telescope and the “ULTRACAM” camera, scientists were able to
measure the distance (acceleration zone) that particles run through in plasma jets before
they “turn on” and become bright sources of light. In their work, the researchers studied
two “X-ray” binary systems in the Milky Way. Each of them consists of a black hole
and a normal star absorbed by the companion. The first system, the V404 Cygnus,
reached its maximum brightness in June 2015. At that moment, she produced the
brightest flash that the scientist could fixing X-ray binaries in the 21st century.

Photo 3 - Black hole with accretion disk and stream of glowing
hot gas. From the open resource of the specified site.

The second pair, GX 339-4, at the time of the observation of the luminary is only
1% of the expected. The star and the black hole in the GX 339-4 are much closer to each
other than in the Swan V404 system. Despite their difference, the systems showed the
same time delays (about one-tenth of a second) between the fixation of the “NuSTAR”
first X-ray and “ULTRACAM” visible light. “One possible explanation is that the
physics of the jets is not determined by the size of the accretion disk, but depends on the
speed, temperature and other properties of the particles in them”, says Poshak Gandhi,
lead author of the study from the University of Southampton (UK). The most convincing
assumption, which explains the delay, is that X-ray light emits material that is very close
to the black hole. First, strong magnetic fields accelerate a part of the substance. This
leads to the fact that the particles collide at a velocity close to the speed of light, exciting
a plasma that eventually emits a stream of optical radiation. So, the formation of jets in
black holes: but at what point does the plasma start to glow? The answer to this question
lies in the delay between X-ray and optical radiation. By multiplying the delay time for
particle velocity, scientists determined the maximum distance traveled by them, which
turned out to be approximately 30,000 kilometers. The segment is a zone of internal
acceleration in which the plasma accelerates and “turns on”, emitting light (it includes

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