Page 124 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

poor performance. As for the paper structure, valuable experience in developing BRT, especially
Section 2 is a review of the processes of introduction international best practices, they released the first
and revision of the BRTS and the previous studies of version of the BRTS in 2012. It was an effort to seek
the Hanoi BRT. Subsequently, the application of the a universal definition of BRT. According to it, BRT
BRTS for the Hanoi BRT together with scores is should be used for a corridor with complex
documented. Discussions about the scores of the components along it rather than a conventional bus
Hanoi BRT and potential solutions are content of the route with some minor improvements. The second
next. The last encompasses conclusions and future edition in 2014 made some revisions related to the
research directions. BRT definition. Specifically, the minimum length
was decreased to 3 km, which allows the definition
2. Review of the Bus Rapid Transit Standard to cover the BRT corridor in the downtown areas.
and the Hanoi BRT Besides, it showed a more flexible attitude to
2.1 The Bus Rapid Transit Standard practical operation and design of BRT. For example,
The BRT origin was significant peak and off-peak frequency was arranged as a
improvements in conventional bus systems thanks to potential source of penalty instead of a design
constructing dedicated lanes by 1970s in US and element. More points were devoted for basic
UK. BRT acted as an independent and innovative elements to highlight the most important parts that a
mode in Curitiba, Brazil [7]. Between 1980 and BRT should have to make itself obviously differ
2000, inspired by the outstanding performances and from bus and more similar to rail in terms of both
creative design of the Brazilian city, a series of cities quality and capacity.
in both developed and developing countries The last BRTS was issued in 2016. ITDP has
established BRT. However, BRT reached the paid more attention to safety for pedestrian and
leading position in the public transport systems of biking. Penalty has imposed to poor operation such
emerging countries only. A typical model was as bus bunching, lack of safety data. The standard
introduced in Bogota (Colombia) in 2000 with the shows greater emphasis on physical barrier to
name of TransMilenio. achieve more effective enforcement with less effort
in operation phase. Another point is to allocate
points for on-board fare validation of tickets bought
in prior to getting on vehicles. This type is common
in European cities where Bus High-Level Service
(BHLS) is an equivalent concept to BRT [14]. Thus,
the standard covers both BRT and BHLS. Hereafter,
the BRTS refers to the 2016 edition [15].
As regards structure, the BRTS has two
main score groups for design and operation,
respectively. The former entitled Design Score (DS)
is involved in the highest quality and capacity of a
Fig. 1 The revolution of BRT [8] system evaluated by its design characteristics. The
The 21 st century has seen a global bigger the magnitude of an element is, the higher
proliferation of BRT. Chinese cities show the point is awarded. By contrast, the operation category
consistent and great interest in BRT [9]. One of the includes problems and limitations in reality, which
best practice not only in China but also over the leads a system to fail to achieve the best performance
world is the Zhongshan corridor in Guangzhou according to the design. Therefore, the total points
whose ridership is even higher than that of a metro achieving in the design group have to subtract
line [10]. The systems in Mexico, Istanbul (Turkey), (penalty) points in this group to generate the full
Ahmedabad (India), Lima (Peru) and so on have score of a system. And this is the reason why scores
distinct design characteristics and excellent of operation are frequently indicated as Operation
performances [11]–[13]. The present approximation Deductions (OD).
of total BRT length is about 5000 km in roughly 170 In DS, there are six categories, including
cities [8]. Standing behind and motivating the BRT basics, service planning, infrastructure,
pervasive construction of BRT are experts, stations, communications, access and integration.
researchers and consultants from NGOs like ITDP, Among them, the BRT basics category is comprised
GIZ, World Resources Institute, UN Habitat. By of the essential element of a BRT corridor. To put it

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