Page 125 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

another way, a corridor failing to gain the minimum serious mistake. With a broader way to access and
level of this category should be not considered a analyze the Hanoi BRT, authors in [6], [19]
BRT system. OD is structure into one category emphasized that there were a series of barriers to the
encompassing 12 potential issues to a BRT. Here, BRT development in Hanoi from the conceptualized
the authors use criterion/criteria to refer to both stage to operation phase. In fact, the system has not
elements in DS and issues in OD. Each criterion is received the political support, has encountered lack
introduced in tandem with the maximum point and of adequate legislative and staff preparation, not to
responsive requirements. Lower levels of meeting mention has struggled with the disagreement of
the criteria result in fewer point received. citizens that keeps increasing day by day.
The maximum score a system can earn is On the one hand, the earlier studies have
100. Based on the full score, a system can obtain one agreed with the fact that the Hanoi BRT is a failure
among four rankings from the highest to the lowest or unworthy. On the other hand, they seem to ignore
as follows: Gold, Silver, Bronze and Basic BRT (see an important question that is the Hanoi BRT is
Table 1). If a system does not reach the minimum whether eligible for a BRT corridor or not. And what
point of Basic BRT, it is simply such a conventional are possible and prioritized solutions to it? By means
bus route yet being called BRT. of applying the BRTS for the Hanoi BRT, reasonable
Table 1 The BRTS rankings responses to the mentioned-above questions would
Rankings Score and description be found.
Gold-standard
BRT 85 or above 3. Applying the Bus Rapid Transit Standard
Silver- for the Hanoi BRT
standard BRT 70-84.9 Table 2 Operational parameters of the Hanoi BRT
Bronze-
standard BRT 55-69.9 Parameter Value
- Dedicated lanes: at least 3 km long Official name The Hanoi BRT
- Dedicated right-of-way criterion: Commercial kick-off time 01/2017
at least 4 Corridor length (Km) 14.4
Basic BRT Segregated length (Km) 14
- Busway alignment criterion:
at least 4 Interval at peak time (min) 5
- BRT basics category: at least 20 Interval at normal time (minutes) 10
Non BRT Fail to achieve Basic BRT Interval at off-peak time (minutes) 15
Commercial speed (Km/hour) 21.5
2.2 The Hanoi BRT Opening time 5h00
The Hanoi BRT is the outcome of a project Closing time 22h00
17
Operational span (hours per day)
lasting 10 years under the consultation and the Operational vehicle number
financial support of the World Bank (WB). It was (vehicles) 22
expected as a cornerstone of establishing the mass Vehicle capacity (places) 90
rapid transit in Hanoi. Especially, in case of long- Terminal number (terminals) 2
lasting delays of urban rail lines, the local Station number (stations) 21
government and WB hoped its introduction would Daily ridership (passengers per
change fairly negative views of citizens on public day) 13500
transport. Unfortunately, it has performed so worse Station position Median
that its patronage of 13500 passengers per day is (Vehicle) Door position Left
comparable to that of a conventional bus and that of Level of boarding High
the Bangkok BRT which is considered a failure [16]. Fare validation Off-board
Possibly as a result of seeing its poor performance, Source: Reports of the BRT company and [6]
many authors have provided studies focusing on In this section, categories and their criteria
limitations of the Hanoi BRT. As the pioneer, are analyzed for the Hanoi BRT before scores are
Fjellstrom (2017) criticized missteps of given. As indicated above, there are seven categories
infrastructure design [17], [18]. Both stations and with six of DS and one of OD. The final score is the
vehicles have low capacity and thus not appropriate base for ranking the corridor.
for high volume of passengers. In addition, the 3.1. BRT basics (5 criteria)
selection of the corridor direction in parallel with a This category includes five critical elements
rail line that is in pilot operation now is another that enable to eliminate delays and thus create the

100