Page 120 - Maukon
P. 120
358
onfh
onfh
onfh
onfh
onfh
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
rnfh
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
csKyfu
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
pD;yGm;ESifh
awmf\
EdkifiHa&;?
ygonf}}
-
-
-
-
-
]]EdkifiHawmftvH?
]]EdkifiHawmftvH?
]]EdkifiHawmftvH?
]]EdkifiHawmftvH?
]]EdkifiHawmftvH?
ygwDwpf&yfwGif
vGwfvyfa&;ESifh
]]EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
]]EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
]]EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
]]EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
yg0ifoifhygonf/
]]EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;ESifh
pD;yGm;a&;?
EdkifiHawmftmPmudk
EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;onf
tajctaersm;
owfrSwfoifhygonf/
aqmif&Gufoifhygonf}}
]]ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mESifh
]]ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mESifh
]]ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mESifh
]]ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mESifh
]]ta&;ay:umvqdkif&mESifh
]]tajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;ESifh
]]tajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;ESifh
]]tajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;ESifh
]]tajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;ESifh
]]tajccHOya'jyifqifjcif;ESifh
rloabmroufa&mufonfh
udkufnDrnfhrl0g'rsm;?
&Sdoifh&Sdxdkufaom
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
ywfoufonfh
txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf?
ay:aygufygu
jyKaom ygwDrsm;vnf; &Sdoifhygonf/
&Gufay;Edkifaom ygwDrsm;jzpfoifhygonf/
tcsKyftjcmtmPmudk
vlrIa&;tcsufrsm;ESifh
ay;aom wHwm;rsm;ozG,f jzpfoifhygonf/
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
ywfoufonfh
a&; vrf;pOfusifhpOfrsm;vnf; &Sdoifhygonf}}
qlylaomif;usef;rIenf;?
tajccHOya'jy|mef;csufrsm;ESifhtnD
jy|mef;csufrsm;udk
trsKd;om;vu©Pmaqmifoifhygonf}}
tpdk;&ESifhjynfolrsm;tMum;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
xdyg;aprnfh
-
-
-
-
-
ywfoufí
vkyfenf;vkyf[efrsm;udk
ywfoufonfhtajccHrlrsm;
ywfoufonfhtajccHrlrsm;
ywfoufonfhtajccHrlrsm;
ywfoufonfhtajccHrlrsm;
ywfoufonfhtajccHrlrsm;
vrf;ñTefoabma&;?
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfESifh
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfESifh
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfESifh
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfESifh
oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfESifh
-
-
-
-
-
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
tajccHrlrsm;
-
-
-
t"r®enf;wdkYjzifh
-
-
jynfolrsm;\ vHkNcHKa&;ESifh touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrfudk xdyg;tEÅ&m,fjyK
EdkifiHawmftvHESifh txdrf;trSwfwHqdyf? oDcsif;ESifhNrdKUawmfwdkYonf EdkifiH
jynfolYtusdK;
aom tajctaetcsdeftcgESifhtnD vTwfawmfu jyifqifcGifh ay;xm;oifh
&,l
csrSwfaqmif
wuúodkvfjrwfol
EdkifiHawmftmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;
tajccHOya'ESifh rloabmoufa&mufonfh jy|mef;csufrsm;udk jynfvHk;
tqifhqifhu xdxda&mufa&muf umuG,fay;Edkifonfh tpDtpOfrsm;
tajccHEdkifiH
taumiftxnfazmf
EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m
ywfouf
ywfouf
uRwf qE´cH,lyGJESifhom jyifqifcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf trsm;qE´ESifh nd§EIdif;
ywfouf
ta&;ay:tajctaersm; jzpfay:vmygu wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;
aygif;ul;qufoG,f
aqmif&Gufjcif;? BudK;yrf;jcif;? jynfaxmifpkBuD;NydKuGJap&ef tm;xkwfjcif;?
wdk;wufajymif;vJvm
wpfEdkifiHvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKaom ygwDrsm;&SdouJhodkY a'otvdkuf udk,fpm;
ywfouf
ywfouf
onf/
twGuf
wpfzGJUeJYwpfzGJU?
OD;atmifodef;wdkYu
EdkifiHwnf armfuGef;rsm;
ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepf
olYuRefb0a&mufcJh&mrS
a,bk,svrf;ñTefozG,f
wpfygwDeJYwpfygwD
xGef;um;a&;?
]]EdkifiHawmftajccHrlqdkwm[m
olYuRefb0uae
pkaygif;tBuHjyKMuonf/
jzpfygw,f}}
EdkifiHawmfü
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
EdkifiHawmf&JU
tay;t,lrQwpGmeJY
vGwfajrmufvdkwJh
EdkifiHa&;?
w&m;rQwjcif;?
,if;pkaygif;pmwrf;udk
pD;yGm;a&;?
nDvmcH OD;wnfcsuf (6)&yfeJYtnD nDvmcHudk usif;y&jcif; jzpfygw,f}}
wifjyEdkifMuzdkY txl;vdktyfygw,f/ taumif;jrif0g'&Sd&ef txl;vdktyfygw,f}}
cef;rüusif;yonfh trsKd;om;nDvmcH pHknDtpnf;ta0;ü EdkifiHawmftajccH rlrsm;csrSwf
trsdK;om;EdkifiHa&; OD;aqmifrItcef;u@wGif wyfrawmf yg0ifxrf;aqmifEdkifa&;qdkwJh
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;[m
a&;twGuf udk,fpm;vS,ftpktzGJUrsm;u tBuHjyKpmwrf;rsm; wifoGif;zwfMum;Muonf/
ig;OD;jzpfonfh xefwvefrJqE´e,frS a'gufwmrIxef? 'DarmqdkrJqE´e,f(1)rS OD;cifarmif
]]urÇmay:&Sd EdkifiHrsm;&JU zGJUpnf;yHkudk avhvmMunfhr,fqdkygu wpfjynfaxmifpepf?
rsKd;? wrl;rJqE´e,frS OD;axmifcdkxef;? erfhqef rJqE´e,frS OD;xGef;ausmf? &GmiHrJqE´e,frS
vGwfvyfjcif;ESifh
OD;xGef;ausmf?
a&G;aumufyGJwGif a&G;cs,fcHxm;&onfh jynfaxmifpk ytdk0f;trsKd;om;tzGJUcsKyf udk,fpm;
om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrI rNydKuGJa&;? tcsKyftjcmtmPm wnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;? ppfrSefaom
nDrQjcif;wnf;[laom avmuygvw&m;rsm; ydkrdkxGef;um;a&;? tem*wfEdkifiHawmf\
OD;cifarmifcsdKESifh OD;atmifodef;wdkYu oHk;ydkif;ydkif;í atmufygtwdkif; zwfMum;wifjyMu
vS,f? &Srf;jynfudk;uefY'Drdku&ufwpfygwDudk,fpm;vS,fESifh wpfoD;yk*¾vudk,fpm;vS,f
csuftm;vHk;[mvnf; yGifhvif;&ef txl;vdktyfygw,f/ oHo,uif;aom? tmCmw
[m tmrcHcsufay;pGrf;EdkifwJh tajccHOya'BuD;jzpfvmEdkifrSm jzpfygw,f/ wifjyaqG;aEG;
&SdttwlqdkwJhrleJYtnD yifvHknDvmcHrSm yifvHkpmcsKyfudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;MuNyD; jynf
t*Fvdyfudk wGef;vSefum EdkifiHa&;t& wef;wlnDrQrI&Sdaomrl? at;twlyltrQ r&Sdtwl
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya' ESpfckpvHk;[mvnf; csKyfNidrf;cJhNyD;jzpf&m aemiftem*wf jynfaxmifpk
rsm;ta&;? vHkNcHKa&;? umuG,fa&;? EdkifiHjcm;a&; pwJhtcsufawGeJY ywfoufNyD; tusOf;
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf ay:aygufvm&ygw,f/ wpfzef jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf&JU
]]'DnDvmcHrS tajccHrlrsm; csrSwfEdkifa&;twGuf twdwfordkif;eJY jzpf&yfrsm;tm;
oifcef;pm,lNyD;rS tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;wifjyMur,fqdkygu a&;qGJvwHåUaom tajccH Oya'
csKyf tESpfom&rsm;udk azmfjywJhtydkif;jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHawmftajccHrlrsm;[m EdkifiHawmf
359
vlrIa&;?
oabmxm;½dk;pif;pGmjzifh
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;ta&;? tajccHvlYtcGifhta&;? vlxkvlwef;pm;ta&;? EdkifiHh0efxrf;
1993 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv 9 &ufaeYwGif tvHkvrf; or®wtdrfawmf0if; pnf;a0;
]]uRefawmfwdkY jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;[m t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUvufatmufcH
w&m;uif;aom? yGifhvif;½dk;om;aom aqG;aEG;csufrsm;jzpf&efvdkNyD; wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;?
jrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD; t"GefY&SnfwnfwHhcdkifNrJa&;twGuf jynfaxmifpkrNydKuGJa&;? wdkif;&if;
360
(1)
(2)
(1)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(3)
(2)
vdkuf&ygw,f}}
jrefrmEdkifiHawmf[m -
or®wEdkifiH
wdkYjrefrmEdkifiHawmftwGuf
]]tckwnf&SdaewJh
mocracy (vrf;ñTef'Drdkua&pD)[m
w&m;a&;tmPm r&Sdyg/
tcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifaom
a&SUu
vlrIa&;EdkifiHawmfjzpf&ygr,f/
jynfe,fckepfckeJY
oifhawmfrvJqdkwm
]]tar&duef'Drdkua&pDrSm or®w[m -
oifcef;pm,lzdkY aumif;ygNyDvdkY wifjycsifygw,f}}
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
Oya'jyKrItmPm tcsdKUt0uf&SdNyD;/
tkyfcsKyfa&;tmPm tjynfht0&Sdygw,f/
Guide qdkwJh
ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh tkyfcsKyfaom
wdkif;ckepfwdkif;udk
aom odkYr[kwf EdkifiHawmfbmom rjy|mef;Edkifaom
tqifhtwef;wl jynfaxmifpktzGJU0if jynfe,frsm;jzifh
pum;vHk;\
pOf;pm;oifhMuygw,f/
odkYr[kwf jynfaxmifpkpepf wpfckckjzifh zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifMuwmawGjrifEdkifrSm jzpfyg
wuúodkvfjrwfol
ywfoufwJh 'Drdkua&pDtajccHrsm;udk qHk;jzwfcsrSwf xlaxmif&mrSm urÇmwpf0ef;vHk;u
ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDr[kwfEdkifawmhygbl;/ ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pD oHk;rsdK;rSm (1) tar&duef
vlrIa&;EdkifiHawmfqdkjcif;tm;jzifh ynma&;eJY usef;rma&;wdkYudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&
&JU trnfemrudk ajymif;vJjcif;rjyKbJ wdkif;rsm;udkom oifhawmfwJh jynfe,femrrsm;jzifh
zGJUpnf;ac:a0:jcif;omvQif taumif;qHk;eJY w&m;rQwqHk; jzpfygvdrfhr,fvdkY ,HkMunfwifjy
EdkifiHa&;ESifh bmoma&; rwGJzufaom odkYr[kwf EdkifiHawmf bmomr&Sd
vufcHxm;wJh ppfrSefwJh 'Drdkua&pDoHk;rsdK;teuf b,f'Drdkua&pDpepfrsKd;[m uRefawmf
Guide De-
ppfrSefwJhygwDpHk 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk usifhoHk;oGm;r,fh uRefawmfwdkY&JU tem*wf
t"dyÜm,ft&
"avhaygif;pHkjzifh zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifxm;wJh EdkifiHjzpfwmeJYtnD jynfaxmifpkpepfuvGJvdkY
tjcm;pepf roHk;oifhawmhyg/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfü ppfrSefaom ygwDpHk'Drdkua&pD
Arm? rGef? &cdkif? &Srf;ESifh vlrsdK;EG,fpkaygif;pHk? bmom omoemaygif;pHk? ½dk;&m ,Ofaus;rI
u vHk;0wm0ef,lay;&ygr,f/ uRefawmfwdkY jrefrmEdkifiHrSm EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;eJY
w,f/ uRefawmfwdkY jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf[m ucsif? u,m;? u&if? csif;?
'Drdkua&pD? (2) NAdwdoQygvDref'Drdkua&pD? (3) jyifopfygvDref'Drdkua&pDwdkY jzpfMuygw,f/
jynfaxmifpk0if jynfe,frsm;tjzpf ajymif;vJzGJUpnf;um vuf&Sdjynfe,f ckepfjynfe,f
tqifhtwef;wl
EdkifiHawmf wnfaxmif&eftwGufqdk&if jynfaxmifpk pepfom toifhavsmfqHk;jzpfygw,f/
uRefawmfwdkY 1947 ckESpf? tajccHOya'rsm;ESifh ,if;wdkY\ tusKd;qufawGudk MunfhNyD;