Page 36 - Maukon
P. 36
106
2/
1/
3/
xm;onf/
18
pmwrf;wGif
pmwrf;wGif
pmwrf;wGif
pmwrf;wGif
pmwrf;wGif
Economy)
jynfe,fqdkif&m
( * )
( c )
(u)
twnfjyKjy|mef;&ef
OD;tzGJU\
usifhoHk;&ef
usifhoHk;&ef
usifhoHk;&ef
usifhoHk;&ef
usifhoHk;&ef
rsm;)
jynfwGif;nDñGwfrI
jynfwGif;nDñGwfrI
jynfwGif;nDñGwfrI
jynfwGif;nDñGwfrI
jynfwGif;nDñGwfrI
jynfaxmifpkzGm;wkdif;&if;om;
zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'(rlMurf;)udk
tBuHjyKcsuf
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywfoufí
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywfoufí
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywfoufí
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywfoufí
pD;yGm;a&;ESifhywfoufí
tqdkkjyKxm;onf/
tBuHay;
tBuHay;
tBuHay;
tBuHay;
tBuHay;
tm;vHk;u
trsKd;om;tpdk;&zGJU&efvnf;
33
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
33
33
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
33
33
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
pmwrf;ü
EdkifiHawmftpkd;&ESifh yk*¾vdu
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifh or0g,r
yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;&efvnf; tBuHjyKxm;onf/
OD;tzGJUrS
OD;tzGJUrS
OD;tzGJUrS
OD;tzGJUrS
OD;tzGJUrS
wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
18
18
18
18
18
azmfjyxm;onf/
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
av;acsmif;axmuf
OD;\
OD;\
OD;\
OD;\
OD;\
or0g,r toif;tzGJUrsm;uom wm0ef,lonfh u@
18 OD; tBuHay;tkyfpk\ wifjytBuHjyKcsufpmwrf;ü azmfjyyg&Sdonf/
axmufcHvmapa&;twGuf
tpdk;&uom wm0ef,lonfhu@(EdkifiHydkifpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;)
pD;yGm;a&;pepf
pD;yGm;a&;pepf
pD;yGm;a&;pepf
pD;yGm;a&;pepf
pD;yGm;a&;pepf
pkwkdYudk AdkvfcsKyfBuD;udk,fwkdif Muyfrwfí zGJUpnf;&efvnf; tqdkjyKxm;onf/
rnfhtcsdefü w&m;rQwoifhavsmfrnfhenf;jzifh ygwDEdkifiHa&; vkyfcGifhjyK&efvnf; tqkdyg
ac:,lwifoGif;jcif;jzifhaomf
vnf;aumif;? jynfolwdkYxHrS qE´&,lonfhenf; (Referndun)jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;
xkdYjyif wkdif;jynfjyKvTwfawmf? odkYr[kwf jynfolYqE´cH,lyGJ rusif;yrD oifhavsmf
oD;jcm;tBuHjyK
oD;jcm;tBuHjyK
(Mixed
oD;jcm;tBuHjyK
oD;jcm;tBuHjyK
oD;jcm;tBuHjyK
or®w jrefrmEdkifiH\ zGJUpnf;yHktajccH Oya'(rlMurf;)udk a&;qGJ&ef? xdkodkYa&;qGJxm;aom
xkdjynfaxmifpk wyfaygif;pkBuD;udkvnf; wyfrawmfrS yk*¾dKvfrsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;?
trsKd;om; wyfaygif;pkBuD; wpfckudk AdkvfcsKyf BuD;ae0if;uyif OD;aqmifí zGJUpnf;&ef?
jynfe,fESifh csif;0daoowdkif;wdkYwGifvnf; jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om; wyfaygif;pk
EdkifiHa&;rS yk*¾dKvfrsm;? tjcm;oifhavsmfrnhf yk*¾dKvfrsm;jzifh zGJUpnf;&efvnf; wifjyxm;onf/
jynfaxmifpk
wyfrawmfrSyk*¾dKvfrsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;rSyk*¾dKvfrsm;? EdkifiHa&;rSyk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh tjcm;oifhavsmfrnfh
wuúodkvfjrwfol
jynfaxmifpktpdk;&udk
jynfe,fESifh csif;0daoowkdif;rsm;twGuf jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om; tpdk;&yHkpHuJhodkY
tBuHay;csufaygif;pHkudk jynfaxmifpktrsKd;om;tpdk;&tzGJUodkY yxrwifoGif;&ef tBuHjyK
wifjyaqG;aEG;NyD; trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pkBuD;\ a0zefoHk;oyfcsufESifhwuG tajccHOya'
csufrsm;udkvnf; jynfaxmifpktpdk;&\ oabmxm;rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfí jynfaxmifpk
jynfaxmifpk trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pku wifjyvmaom tajccHOya' tBuHay;
tjcm;Xmersm; (tkyfpk-tzGJUrsm;)rS wifjycsufrsm;udk pkaygif;í trsKd;om;wyfaygif;pkü
zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHktajccHOya'qkdif&m
yHkpHrsKd;jzpfaom jynfe,ftrsKd;om; wyfaygif;pkESifh csif;0daoowkdif; trsKd;om;wyfaygif;
tBuHjyKcsufvnf; yg0ifonf/ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya'ESifh ywfoufí wifjycsufESifh
or0g,rESifh yk*¾vduwkdY zufpyfvkyfudkifonfhu@(zufpyfvkyfief;
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHrSm-
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHrSm-
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHrSm-
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHrSm-
pD;yGm;a&;yHkpHrSm-
rGefzdk;csKd?
aMumif;
rGefzdk;csKd?
rGefzdk;csKd?
rGefzdk;csKd?
rGefzdk;csKd?
zGJUpnf;yHk
xGef;wkdY
xGef;wkdY
xGef;wkdY
xGef;wkdY
xGef;wkdY
4/
11
11
11
11
11
11
EdkifiHwnf armfuGef;rsm;
ocifvGif?
ocifvGif?
ocifvGif?
ocifvGif?
usifhoHk;oifhaMumif;
ocifvGif?
yk*¾vdu
OD;tzGJUu
OD;tpku
OD;tpku
OD;tpku
OD;tpku
OD;tpku
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif?
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif?
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif?
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif?
0d"l&ocifcspfarmif?
ocifvSauR?
ocifvSauR?
ocifvSauR?
ocifvSauR?
ocifvSauR?
ay;oifhaMumif; tBuHjyKxm;onf/
EdkifiHawmf\
tajccHOya'a&;qJG&mwGif
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
u@wkdYjzpfonf/
onf[k 18 OD;u tBuHjyKxm;ayonf/
1947
ocifpHjrifh?
ocifpHjrifh?
ocifpHjrifh?
ocifpHjrifh?
ocifpHjrifh?
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
ckESpf?
ocifav;armif?
ocifav;armif?
oD;jcm;twnfjyKpmwrf;
oD;jcm;twnfjyKpmwrf;
ocifav;armif?
oD;jcm;twnfjyKpmwrf;
oD;jcm;twnfjyKpmwrf;
ocifav;armif?
ocifav;armif?
oD;jcm;twnfjyKpmwrf;
OD;wifñGefY?
OD;wifñGefY?
OD;wifñGefY?
OD;wifñGefY?
OD;wifñGefY?
&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdifonf
z'dka0aom?
z'dka0aom?
z'dka0aom?
z'dka0aom?
z'dka0aom?
pufwifbmv
24
wifoGif;Muonf/
wifoGif;Muonf/
wifoGif;Muonf/
wifoGif;Muonf/
wifoGif;Muonf/
ocifoif?
ocifoif?
ocifoif?
ocifoif?
ocifoif?
107
a&;(Judiciary)onf tkyfcsKyfa&;(Executive)rS oD;jcm;uif;vGwfonfh pepfrsKd;jzpfoifh
&Sm;yg;aps;EIef; BuD;jrifhaejcif;wdkYrS vGwfajrmuf&ef av;acsmif;axmuf pD;yGm;a&;pepf
yHkt& &SdNyD;jzpfaom &Srf;jynfe,f? ucsifjynfe,f? u,m;jynfe,f? aumfol;av(u&if)
wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pkrsm; ta&;ESifhywfoufí jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif pufrIvkyfief;rsm; tjrefqHk; jzpfxGef;vmap&ef? vuf&Sdukefypönf;
18 OD;tBuHay;pmwrf;wGif qdk&S,fvpf 'Drkdua&pDyef;wdkifodkY csDwuf&mwGif
OD;om
twdkuftcH? tNydKiftqkdifudk cGifhjyKí vlYtcGifhta&; tmrcHcsuf&Sdaom ygwDpHkpepf
vTwfawmf[lí vTwfawmfESpfckxm;í xdkvTwfawmfESpfck\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm; a&G;aumuf
onfh tpdk;&pepfrsKd;jzpfap&ef? Oya'jyKa&;ESifhywfoufí jynfolYvTwfawmfESifh vlrsKd;pk
(Multi- Party System) usifhoHk;&ef? tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí t&G,fa&mufolwkdif;u
vGwfvyfpGm vQKdU0SufrJpepfjzifh wkduf½dkufa&G;aumufwifajr§mufaom or®wu tkyfcsKyf
OD;om
olrsm;\ EdkifiHa&;tmPmudktajccHaom qdk&S,fvpfEdkifiHjzpfaMumif;? qkd&S,fvpfpD;yGm;
ber Constituency) a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonfh pepfrsKd;? w&m;pD&ifa&;wGif w&m;pD&if
wifajr§muf&mwGif rJqE´e,fwpfe,fvQif vlxkudk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD; (Single Mem-
OD;om
OD;om
qkd&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pD
OD;om
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)?
EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya'ESifhywfoufí jrefrmEdkifiHonf vlrsKd;pkaygif;pHk
ay;í qufvufxm;&SdoifhaMumif;? jynfe,fopfrsm;ESifh ywfoufvmvQif zqyv
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)?
nDvmcHESifh wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; csxm;cJhaom
rlrsm;ESifh nDñGwfvQif xdkrlrsm;twdkif; &cdkifjynfe,fESifh rGefjynfe,fopfrsm;udk xlaxmif
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)?
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)?
OD;xGef;jrifh(vif;ac;)?
jynfe,fESifh csif;0daoowkdif;wdkYudk rlv&Sd&if;pGJtwdkif; vdktyfonfh tmPmtjynfhtpHk
orm;? awmifolv,form;ESifh todynm&Sif? twwfynm&Sif ponfh vkyfom;jynf
tajccHOya'udkrlwnfí jyifqifjznfhpGufoifhonfrsm;udk jyifqifjznfhpGufí a&;qGJoifh
wdkif;jynfjyKvTwfawmfu twnfjyKcJhaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk
&ufaeYwGif
pkaygif;aexdkifMuonfh EdkifiHjzpfonfhtwGuf jynfaxmifpkor®wEdkifiHrsKd;om jzpfoifhonf/
yef;wkdifjzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ qdk&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pDyef;wdkifqkdonfrSm tvkyf
cdkifrmawmifhwif;onfh A[dktpdk;&&Sdaom or®wtkyfcsKyfa&;pepfrsKd; jzpfoifhaMumif;?
108
Munf
yk*¾vdu
tuljyKaom?
pOfBuD;wpf&yf
opöm&Sd&Sd
vlxkvlwef;pm;
oifhavsmfrnf[k
wpf&yf&Sd&rnf[k
11
wnfaqmuf&efwkdYudk
11
vufvDqdkfifwdkYrS
jrefrmhqkd&S,fvpfvrf;pOfudk
OD;u
OD;tpku
a&;qGJjy|mef;&ef?
aMumif;jzifh &Sif;vif;wifjyxm;onf/
tajccHí
wifjyNyD;
tvTmrsKd;pHkyg0ifaom
umuG,fapmifha&Smufaom
vkyfudkif&efvnf;
azmfjytBuHjyKxm;onf/
vkyfaqmifMurnfholrsm;vnf;
&Sif;&Sif;pmay
tBuHjyKxm;onf/
bHkvkyfief;wm0efudk
ydkiftkyfcsKyfa&; jynfe,frsm;jzifh wef;wl&nfwl zGJUpnf;&ef?
tBuHjyKonf/
jynfaxmifpkwpfckvHk;\
'Drkdua&pDrsKd;omvQif
tajccHí
toGiful;ajymif;a&;umv
trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;nDvmcHBuD;
wkdif;&if;om; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;twGuf 'kwd,yifvHknDvmcH usif;yNyD; vlrsKd;pk
jr§KyfESHrIudk vHk;0vufrcH&ef? pdkufysKd;a&;udk tajccHí pufrIEdkifiHxlaxmifa&;udk OD;pm;ay;
a&;pepfudkvnf; umuG,fapmifha&Smufaom 'Drkdua&pDEdkifiHrsKd;jzpfaMumif;? qdk&S,fvpf'Drkd
xkwfukefvkyfief;udk jynfolydkifvkyfief;tjzpf tcdkiftrmwkd;wufap&ef EdkifiHjcm;aiGyifaiG&if;
tm;vHk; aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;twGuf rlrsm;csrSwf&ef jynfaxmifpkqkd&S,fvpfor®w
v,form;rsm;jzpfMuí vlvwfwef;pm;rsm;ESifh trsm;aumif;pm;a&;udk wnfwnfMunf
vufwGJyg0ifaqmif&GufMu&rnfjzpf
ua&pDEdkifiHawmfudk xdef;odrf;a&SUaqmifoGm;rnfholrsm;rSm tvkyform;ESifh awmifol
wuúodkvfjrwfol
pHknDyg0ifonfh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfaygif;pk zGJUpnf;vsuf vrf;pOfygwDOuú| AdkvfcsKyf
jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf
pdwfcsvufcs a&mufEdkifrnfr[kwfaomaMumifh qdk&S,fvpfpD;yGm;a&;pepfudk taxmuf
jrefrmhygvDref'Drkdua&pDrsKd;ESifhqdkvQif jynfolwdkY arQmfrSef;tyfaom qdk&S,fvpfavmuodkY
BuD;ae0if;u wyfaygif;pkBuD;udk acgif;aqmif&ef wyfaygif;pkESifhtrsKd;om;bHkvkyfief;pOfudk
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
vkyfief;pOftjzpf
usif;yum
trsKd;om;bHkvkyfief;
qdk&S,fvpf'Drkdua&pDyef;wkdifodkY csDwuf&mwGif t&if;&Sif? ajr&Sifpepfudk zsuf
odrf;NyD; qdk&S,fvpfpepf\ OD;wnfcsufodkY aygif;ul;ay;rnfh toGiful;ajymif;a&; umv
aqmif&Guf&ef tBuHjyKxm;onf/ ukefypönf;jzefYa0rIudk EdkifiHykdifqkdif? or0g,rqkdfif?
pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ywfoufí v,f,majra0jcrf;a&;udk pepfwusaqmif&Guf&ef?
EdkfifiHawmfv,f,m? pkaygif;v,f,m? or0g,rv,f,m ponfhpHjyv,f,m tzGJUrsm;xl
tBuD;pm;pufrI vkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHydkifpDrHudef;tjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef? EdkifiHjcm;oGif;ukef
axmif&ef? a&eH? owåK? vQyfppf? "mwkaA'? pufrIypönf;ud&d,mrsm; xkwfvkyfa&;ponfh
jrefrmEdkifiHü ygvDref'Drkdua&pDenf;jzifh qkd&S,fvpfpepfxlaxmif&ef BudK;yrf;cJh
udk,fpm;jyKí trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; tpdk;&tzGJU zGJUpnf;&ef? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; jyefvnf
jrefrmEdkifiHudk u&if? ucsif? u,m;? &Srf;? csif;? &cdkif? rGef? Arm vlrsKd;pkwdkY\ udk,f
vrf;pOfrS aoGznfvm½kHrQru qefYusifbufqDodkYyif a&mufrSef;rod a&mufvmaMumif;?
&mwGif jrefrmhygvDref'Drdkua&pDpepf\ aysmhuGufrsm;? tvGJoHk;pm;rIESifh jynfolwdkY\
EdkifiHa&;todr&ifhusufrIrsm;aMumifh qdk&S,fvpfyef;wdkifudk rsufjcnfjywfí qdk&S,fvpf
