Page 79 - Cambridge IGCSE Business Studies

ting w
6: Motiva
5: Business objectives and stakeholder objectivess
o
er
k
r

Flow production: see
Chapter 15 page 209.

Figure 6.4 A flow production process

Fredrick Herzberg – two-factor theory
Herzberg wanted to find out about the factors that motivated people at work. His

research identified two groups of factors which he called hygiene factors and
motivators. These factors are shown in Table 6.1. 77

KEY TERMS Hygiene factors Motivators
Hygiene factors: the factors that ■ Working conditions ■ The work itself
must be present in the workplace
■ Relationship with others ■ Responsibility
to prevent job dissatisfaction.
Motivators: the factors that ■ Salary or wage ■ Advancement
influence a person to increase
■ Supervision ■ Achievement
their eff orts.
■ Company policy and administration ■ Recognition of achievement

Table 6.1 Herzberg’s two-factor theory

Hygiene factors
1 Working conditions – includes things such as how clean and safe the workplace
is and what facilities are provided for workers, for example washrooms, drinks
TOP TIP
machines and canteen for meals.
Don’t assume that an increase
2 Relationships with others – this factor considers the importance to a worker of
in pay automatically motivates
having good working relationships with other workers – the need for friendship and
workers to increase output. There
may be other factors that cause to belong to a group – and a good relationship with managers – to be treated fairly
an increase in output. and with respect.
3 Salary and wage – Herzberg argued that people had to be paid enough to
encourage them to do a job, but money was not enough for them to want to do
the job well.