Page 9 - Equine influenza e-Book

Outcomes

Prognosis

• Good: adult with uncomplicated tracheobronchitis.
• Poor: foal with secondary bronchopneumonia.

Expected response to treatment

• Clinical signs: most horses with uncomplicated infection recover within 1-2 weeks.

Reasons for treatment failure

• Immunocompromised, eg foals with poor airway immunity.
• Secondary bacterial infection.
• Vaccine ineffective due to antigenic drift.
• Poor uptake of vaccination.
• Incorrect vaccination schedule.
• Viremia with cardiac or hepatic involvement.

Further Reading

Publications

Refereed papers

• Recent references from PubMed and VetMedResource.
• Cullinane A, Gildea S & Weldon E (2014)Comparison of primary vaccination regimes for equine
influenza: Working towards an evidence-based regime.Equine Vet J46(6), 669-673 PubMed.
• Cullinane A (2014)Equine influenza and air transport.Equine Vet Educ26(9), 456-457 WileyBlackwell.
• Pusterla N, Estell K, Mapes S & Wademan C (2014)Detection of clade 2 equine influenza virus in an
adult horse recently imported to the USA.Equine Vet Educ26(9), 453-455 WileyBlackwell.
• Daly J M & Elton D (2013)Potential of a sequence-based antigenic distance measure to indicate
equine influenza vaccine strain efficacy.Vaccine.Jul 2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.06.070 PubMed.
• Murcia P Ret al(2013)Evolution of equine influenza virus in vaccinated horses.J Virol87(8), 4768-
4771 PubMed.
• Paillot Ret al(2013)Whole inactivated equine influenza vaccine: Efficacy against a representative
clade 2 equine influenza virus, IFNgamma synthesis and duration of humoral immunity. Vet
Microbiol162(2-4), 396-407 PubMed.
• Paillot Ret al(2013)Duration of equine influenza virus shedding and infectivity in immunised horses
after experimental infection with EIV A/eq2/Richmond/1/07.Vet Microbiol 166(1-2), 22-34 PubMed.
• Gildea S, Arkins S & Cullinane A (2011)Management and environmental factors involved in equine
influenza outbreaks in Ireland 2007-2010.Equine Vet J43(5), 608-617 PubMed.

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