Page 200 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

6.0

BLUE SKY RESEARCH

Hydrogen as Gas production
an alternative BLUE SKY from Hydrate
fuel RESEARCH Reservoirs

Carbon
capture and Shipping
storage (CSS) across Arctic
on board Ocean
ships

Biomimetic The Three-
designs for Dimensional
development of Navigation Charts
more efficient Use of for future
marine systems nanotechnology Navigation
for development
of more efficient
marine systems

6.1 HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL nanostructures which, if realised, will almost
Although hydrogen has the potential to become revolutionise the shipping industry as well as all
the ultimate clean fuel in the long term, to other transport sectors.
be considered as a practical alternative to
conventional marine fuel oils, it has to overcome a 6.2 CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CSS)
number of challenges. ON BOARD SHIPS
In general, carbon capture and storage is the
For hydrogen to replace conventional marine process of capturing CO large point sources
2
fuel oils as a truly zero emission fuel, it will need such as fossil fuel power plants, and storing it in
to be produced using established or sustainable such a way that it does not enter the atmosphere.
production processes that are currently the focus Storing CO in geological formations is currently
2
of worldwide research and development (R&D) considered the most promising approach for
including electrolysis, photo-electrolysis, high GHG reductions. It can also be applied to smaller
temperature decomposition, photo-biological sources of emissions such as commercial ships. In
production and thermo-chemical splitting. order for CCS to be suitable technology for the
maritime industry, research initiatives for novel
In addition to ‘green’ production technology, designs have to be undertaken for on board
hydrogen storage technology will also be capture and temporary storage of CO emissions
2
required to be improved. Research and for ships in transit. The ships can then store the
development worldwide currently is focused CO until discharge into CO transmission and
2
2
on the development of hydrogen storage storage infrastructures at the next suitable ports,
technologies such as organic hydrides and carbon or to a specialised discharge facility.

198 WATERWAYS