Page 98 - Technology Roadmap Transportation

TECHNOLOGY VISION 2035

5.5 RESEARCH AGENDA FOR MICRO- engine or by brake energy recovery. Research is
HYBRIDS, FULL HYBRIDS, PLUG-IN HYBRIDS required to develop low cost, long-life sensors
AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES and controllers for hybrid electric vehicles.
The most promising application of electric
mobility, however, is in the hybrid vehicles, which Some of the important areas for hybrid
uses a combination of electrical motor and a technology, which can be developed in short-
smaller IC engine along with novel concepts such term/ medium term and long term timeframe,
as regenerative braking. Hybrid Electric Vehicles are given in table 5.8. Research Agenda for
(HEVs) use both an engine and motor, with Micro-Hybrids, Full Hybrids, Plug-in Hybrids and
sufficient battery capacity (typically 1 kWh to 2 Fuel Cell Vehicles are given in table 5.9, 5.10, 5.11
kWh). Both store electricity generated by the and 5.12 respectively.

TABLE 5.8 RESEARCH AGENDA FOR HYBRIDS

Reduction of cost/ kW and kW/ litre of electric drives and power electronics for hybrid
SHORT electric vehicle (HEV) configurations
TERM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1-5 YEARS) Development and demonstration of battery technology with high specific energy, high
energy density and long life cycle for mass production by improving the battery
quality/durability greater than 200 Wh/kg
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development of low cost power electronics is required for superior control and smooth
running of moving components
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In-field trials of EV charging infrastructure (using localized fleets)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development and demonstration of next generation battery technology :
a. High energy density for EV and PHEV applications
b. with high specific energy
c. Reduced cost and lighter batteries by using advanced materials

Flexible battery management system
(Adaptable to many cell types and pack configurations
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIUM Alternative energy recovery and storage systems - mechanical, chemical etc.
TERM
(5-10 YEARS) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Development of advanced hybrid system: Hybrid vehicles combine two energy sources
with an electric drive-train, with one or both sources providing power to the wheels.

rd
3 generation batteries with specific energy greater than 400 Wh/kg.
LONG
TERM --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(10-20 YEARS) New low cost solid state power conversion systems.

96 ROADWAYS