Page 327 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Islamic Movements

on Campus

Muhammad Wildan

Three crucial periods can be identified movementson campus wasa response Developed by James S. Coleman, the incite Islamic movements to emerge at Campus dakwah
in the history of the youth movements. to currents socio-religious and political rational choice theory bears principles of campuses. Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB), activities in Salman
First, the establishment of Islamic study situation. Socio-religious and political people’s involvement in an organization. as will be explained later, emerged as Mosque at the Bandung
groups among the young educated changes, require the involvement of One’s action leads to a specific purpose an antithesis to Jong Java that failed Institute of Technology
people, such as Jong Islamieten Bond groups of people who want to participate and that purpose is determined by to accommodate the Muslim students’ Source: Documentation
(JIB) and Studenten Islam Studiesclub into the process of change. values or preferences. Followers of an aspirations. 4 Salman Mosque ITB
(SIS). Second, the independent period Herbert Blummer defines social organization rationally understand the Islam an identity to show along with
when student movements emergedin movements as collective efforts to create goals of social movements and how to the emergence of other ideological
nationalist and Islamic spirit, the Himpunan new rules of life within the community. achieve their goals. A social movement identities. The founding of Himpunan
1
Mahasiswa Islam (the Islamic Students As a social movement, campus Islamic can be distinguished by its primordial Mahasiswa Islam (HMI) and Pergerakan
Association, HMI); Pergerakan Mahasiswa movement aims at changing social order. structure or its particular purpose. In Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII),
3
Islam Indonesia (theIndonesian Islamic The Campus Islamic movement can be this theory the dynamics of a religious several years after Indonesia’s
Students Movement, PMII); and Ikatan seen from several perspectives. The social movement could be exposed, not independence, was stimulated by the
Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah (the relative deprivation theory views social only how campus Islamic movement has desire of Muslim students to be involved
Muhammadiyah Students Bond, IMM) emerged but also how it successfully in shaping the characters and mentality
---the latter two are student organizations movements emerging from a group of triggers masses to reach the goal. of the Indonesian Muslim students. In
under the NU and Muhammadiyah people who are not satisfied with the
organizations respectively. Finally, the ongoing social changes or because of There were several factors that led to contemporary era, the ideological factor
is so intense to strive for the emergence
their marginalized positions in politics or
1980s period up to the present time economy. Briefly, the relative deprivation foundation of Islamic student movement. of Islamic movements such as LDK and
whenstudent movementshave developed theory explains that social deprivation First,ideology is a very significant factor KAMMI. The rise of campus Islamic
into a high spirit of Islamism in the period in shaping personalities and mass movements can be referred also as a
establishment of Lembaga Dakwah is formed when there is a difference mobilization. In many universities, “protest movement” against the existing
Kampus (the Campus Propagation Agency, between expectations and realities. This especially public universities, Islamic Islamic movements within campuses
LDK)and Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa relative deprivation, when collectively movement is a way to show students’
Muslim Indonesia (the Indonesian Muslim- formed, potentially becomes a social Islamic identities. Many Islamic students perceived to bring into a different
2
Students’ Actions Union, KAMMI). movement. are active in the movements at their direction and ideology as well.
Another theory that may help to uncover campuses to spread their ideological Second, the emerged of the student
Islamic Student the dynamics of campus Islamic orientation. Contestation with other movements is also driven by political
Movements:Some Explanatory movements is the rational choice theory. movements, other religion based factors. This is especially true in the
Perspectives 1. Barry Mc Laughlin, Studies in Social student organizations, and non-religious case of HMI and PMII. Within the

Islamic movements (including campus Movements: a Social Psychological Perspective. organizations are ideological factors that 4. RidwanSaidi, Islam dan Nasionalisme Indonesia:
(New York: The Free Press, 1969), p.75.
Islamic movements) emerged as 2. Ted Roberr Gur, Why Men Rebel. (New Jersey: 3. George Ritzerdan Douglas J. Goodman. Teori Mengungkap dokumen sangat eksklusif 1920
s/d 1950-an tentang pemikiran Islam mengena
Sosiologi Modern, edisi ke-6, transl. Alimandan
response to social realities. Islamic Princeton University Press, 1970), p. 24. (Jakarta: Kencana, 2007), p. 394. imasalah kebangsaan, (Jakarta: LSIP, 1995), p.2.

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