Page 329 - INDONESIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES

Dakwah Management plethora of nationalist movements, the Fourth, the last factor that triggers politically unstable, it provided an Java. After being criticized from various
Training in Salman Muslim students compelled to engage in the emergence of campus Islamic opportunity for Muslim students who parties about the cultivation system
Mosque at the Bandung coloring political attitudes, although these movements can be called political were less accommodated in HMI to form that was highly profitable for the Dutch
Institute of Technology movements are not the substructuresof opportunity structure (POS). Sidney other student organization such as PMII government, on September 17, 1901
Source: Documentation any Islamic political parties. However, in Tarrowstate that there are several and IMM. The opening access of political Queen Wilhelmina finally declared
Salman Mosque ITB terms of Islam politics, the Islamic student variables that allow the emergence of opportunities allows the emergence of ethical policy for the people of the Dutch
movements cannot be classified as a social movements: (1) the open access a social movement that not only reflects East Indies as a form of reciprocation
movement of Islamism, since none of to political institutions, (2) the unstable a political euphoria, but also express that covers three aspects: irrigation,
these movements support the struggle for politics and the new political stability certain ideological demands. emigration, and education. In the first
the Jakarta Charter or bringing the issue is still in the making process, and (3) These divergent factors separately or two aspects, this policy was abused for
of Islamic Sharia or Islamic caliphate. the political elites is still in the conflict simultaneously have encouraged the gaining more profits for the Dutch-owned
5
Being the most conservative among other situation. Such situations give the rise of campus Islamic movements. plantations, and the private-owned as
movements LDK and KAMMI are also not general public an opportunity to become Therefore, the phenomenon of the rise well. It was recorded in history that
the ethical politics had made multiple
voicing the issues of Islamism. actively involved in the rebuilding of a of campus Islamic movements cannot
national identity by setting of involved in profits for the Dutch-owned plantations
Third, the globalization factor has also the establishment of social movements, be separated from the complexity of and mining sectors. In other words, the
significantly influenced the emergence including religious movements at surrounding social problems. In other ethical policy provided more promises
and development of the campus Islamic campuses. 6 words, a political situation, does not than evidences. 7
movements. The penetration of the always lead to the emergence of a In the education aspect, the Dutch
wahhabist ideology in Indonesia became Almost all Islamic movements in on movement if it isnot accompanied by government founded many schools in
a major force in the LDK and KAMMI campus --- from the earliest, HMI, other driving factors. almost all regions. Starting from basic
can not be separated from the process until the last, KAMMI--- emergedwith Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB): and intermediate levels such as Meer
in the context of a political opportunity
of globalization. The advancement in the A Profile of the Islamic Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) and
field of information technology has made structure. The newly born Indonesian YouthMovement during the Algemeen Middelbare School (AMS) and
nation-state in 1945, political tensions
one easily move from and into a country Colonial Period special school such as Opleidingscholen
and to get any information on a massive and instability, and conflicting political voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (Training
elites were highly conducive for the
scale, so an ideology can rapidly grow emergence of the Islamic student Founded during the Dutch colonial School for Native Officers, OSVIA)
and widely spread. period, JIB was born when the identity and School tot Opleiding van Indische
movement such as HMI. Similarly, of Indonesian nation-state had not
5. The only student organization voicing the Indonesia during the 1950s were Artsen (School of Medical Education
Islamic caliphate is HizbutTahrir Indonesia (HTI). been formated. JIB birth was a blessing for the Indies, STOVIA). In line with
Due to minimum response of the students to 6. Sidney Tarrow, Power in movement: social in disguise on two reasons: to called irrigation and emigration, the aspect of
HTI, this student movement will not be discussed movements and contentious Politics, second
specifically here, but will only be mentioned only in edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ethical policy of the Dutch colonial 7. M.C.Ricklefs, Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200-
certain parts. 1995), p.15. government and the presence of Jong 2004. (Jakarta: Serambi, 2007), p. 319.

318 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives 319