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campus mass base organizations. Three
324 Indonesian Islamic Culture in Historical Perspectives
Syahrir (Socialist Party) was more likely revolutionary period during the revolution Pane and Armijn Pane. At that time,
organizations that were established, to prioritize diplomacy to gain recognition period. Yogyakarta was very conducive to Lafran Pane was registered as a student
which not only continue to exist until of Indonesian sovereignty from the the establishment a student movement, at Sekolah Tinggi Islam (the Islamic
now, but had also given influences in Netherlands, while the opposition not only because it was the capital city the High College, STI; now UII). His strong
the development of Islam in Indonesia. faction of Masjumi and the Indonesian Republic of Indonesia, but also because religious background and his interaction
The three organizations are Himpuan Nationalist Party (PNI) wanted to of the presence of several universities with the STI lecturers ---like Abdul Kahar
Mahasiswa Islam (Islamic Student take military operations against the in that city. Actually, at the national Muzakkir, HM. Rasjidi, Fathurrahman
Association - HMI), Pergerakan Netherlands. level there had existed an Islamic youth Kafrawi, Kasman Singodimedjo, and
Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (Islamic movement, viz. GPII (founded in 1945), Prawoto Mangkusasmito--- who later
Student Movement in Indonesia - PMII) HMI was born in the period known in but this did not touch the educated group. inspired him to establish the Islamic
and Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah history as the revolutionary period. Student movements that had already student movement. Almost identical
(Muhammadiyah Student Association However, the revolution that occurred exist at the time, namely Persyarikatan to the establishment of JIB, HMI was
- IMM), the latter two organizations at that time was not only the Indonesian Students Yogyakarta (PMY, founded in
are affiliated with the two largest social government revolution along with 1946) and Sarikat Mahasiswa Indonesia born for the purpose of teaching Islamic
organizations in Indonesia, respectively all Indonesian people in facing the Solo (SMI, founded in 1946) were not only values to students. Preparations for the
NU and Muhammadiyah. Dutch aggression, it was also a period successful because both were local as support of establishment had been done
known as the social revolution. Dutch well as secular movements. The educated by Lafran Pane and friends since the end
1) HimpunanMahasiswa Islam colonization, which lasted for a very circles’ yearning for the Muslim student of 1946. Backed by 15 students at STI,
(HMI) long period, had instilled a very strong movement at the national level ---like HMI was finally established. 22
repressive feudal system within the
Historically, HMI was born in non- community. Moreover, the period 1945- JIB and SIS in the colonial period--- had Since the 1950s, HMI had begun to grow
conducive social and political situations. 1949 was also a period when Indonesia encouraged the emergence of HMI and among the non-STI students such as
As a newly established state, Indonesia was looking for its new shape and PII in 1947. Ridwan Saidi notes that HMI is Balai Perguruan Tinggi Gadjah Mada
had to experienced sevral external identity. This period can also be seen as ideologically the successor JIB’s idealism, (the Higher Education Council of Gadjah
and internal challenges. Externally, the a time when social and political euphoria although it had been clearly denied by Mada, UGM embryo) and Sekolah
return of the Dutch and their allies after was going on. Various social and other writers, who said that HMI had Tinggi Teknik (Technical High College).
23
Indonesia’s proclaimed its independence nothing to do with JIB. 21 Rahardjo notes that the growing of HMI
was a political challenge for the newly religious movements emerged as a the Lafran Pane is often referred to as the into non-religious colleges was to realize
contribution of the society in shaping the
formed Indonesian government. This identity of the Indonesian nation. HMI’s initiator of the establishment of HMI. 22. Agussalim Sitompul, Menyatu dengan Umat
on the internal challenge, in which Lafran Pane is the younger brother of Menyatu dengan Bangsa: Pemikiran Keislaman-
the Indonesian political elites were birth in 1947 a type of a social revolution famous Indonesian litterateurs Sanusi Keindonesiaan HMI, 1947-1997 (Jakarta: Logos,
polarized about how the attitudes of of the time. 2002), p. 45-47.
the Indonesian government to face HMI was born on February 5, 1947 in 21. Agussalim Sitompul, HMI dalam Pandangan 23. Yudi Latif, Inteligensia Muslim dan Kuasa:
Genealogi Inteligensia Muslim Indonesia Abad ke-
Seorang Pendeta: Antara Impian dan Kenyataan,
the Dutch aggression. Prime Minister Yogyakarta, the the political centers of the (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1982), p. 41. 20. (Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2005), p.427.
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