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                system based on risk assessment.  The visit led to development of a parallel

                pilot for risk assessment-based bail decision-making.  This pilot was planned
                and implemented by a different team of judges and court officers, and

                started in early 2016 in 10 participating courts.  Predictably, the EM and

                assessment-based pilots ran into turf issues.  When the EM team started
                planning its project, the risk assessment team had already selected ten courts

                for its pilot, and the assessment group proposed that EM be piloted only in

                the ten participating courts.  The assessment team argued that EM was

                neither appropriate nor necessary for offenders who have a minimal risk of

                flight or reoffending.  The EM bail team disagreed; they interpreted the new
                enabling legislation as a mandate to reduce the inequity of the bail system,

                not to end it altogether, and that any offender who previously would have

                been subjected to a cash or surety bond should be offered the EM option.
                At first, to avoid conflict between the two pilots, executives in the Office of

                the Judiciary allowed the projects to be developed independently.  Eventually,

                however, it was decided that the two projects should be merged, so as not

                to create confusion among participating courts.  The 23 courts recruited to

                join the initial EM bail project, then, would also include the 10 courts of the
                risk assessment pilot.


                        Contracts were concluded in mid-2017 and the first were delivered to

                the Office of the Judiciary in January 2018.  The first EM çbondsé were issued

                in March 2018.  The program would run for one year, and then be evaluated.
                While waiting for the delivery of devices, an Electronic Monitoring Centre

                (EMC) was established and staff trained and stationed in the center.  The legal

                team in the Office of the Judiciary, of which I was a member, prepared a

                manual for judges and court officials in operating the system.  Although the




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