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require consent from people living in the community of the accused before

ordering EM. If a judge grants bail and approves EM as bail condition, a court
officer installs the device to the ankle of the accused and notifies staff at the

EMC to activate the equipment. When the pairing of the equipment and the

system is completed, the whereabouts of the accused can be located via the
monitoring screen at the EMC. If the judge also orders exclusion or inclusion

zones, staff at EMC sets those conditions onto the monitoring system.

Thailandûs EM bail is different from that operating in England and

Wales (Airs et al, 2000) and the EM bail pilot in Scotland (Barry et al, 2007);

the English and Scottish jurisdictions use EM primarily to enforce curfew

orders; in Thailand, EM bail orders are imposed without curfews attached:
according to official statistics, in only 30 out of 6,267 cases did courts set

inclusion or exclusion zones for the accused, and of those 30 cases, 25 simply

set the inclusion zones to prevent the arrestee from leaving the province or
district.

V. The Evaluation Report

The 2015 Criminal Procedure Code Amendment Act required the
evaluation, after 3 years from enactment, of the impact of the EM bail

program. The Office of the Judiciary conducted a self-evaluation report of the

project and submitted its findings to the cabinet in March 2019. The

evaluation was conducted by staff in the EMC using multiple sources of data,

both quantitative and qualitative, from the 164 participating courts, collected
in 2018. The evaluation team was independent from the implementation

teamfino members of the planning or legal teams, myself included, were part

of this evaluation team. The evaluation, çReport on the Value for Money of

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