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‘Benjamin Moore, Frederick G. Hopkins and his group, David Keilin, Hans Krebs, and a few others constituted a small avant-garde in British biochemistry. Chemical physiology was the norm, and it was not until after World War II that aspects of Hopkins’s program began to take root in many departments. General biochemistry developed as part of an unusual pattern of institution building, involving a visionary entrepreneur and connections with external patrons, a rare combination. Meanwhile, chemical physiology thrived on routine service roles in medical instruction and research. Historical precedents and institutio- nal support systems strongly influenced intellectual styles. As the ideas of ge- neral biochemistry became more familiar and accessible, however, particular institutional contexts were no longer as strongly determining of scientific style as they were at first. A new generation of biochemists routinized Hopkins’s vision, and wider availability of government patronage diluted the structural importance of service roles in traditional departments. Although Cambridge and Oxford lost their special character, other departments came to resemble what had once been the avant-garde.’
Amerikaans wetenschapshistoricus Robert Kohler (1992)1
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