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330 Materials and Nanotechnology | Progress Report

has a significant decrease in morbidity and Developing markers based on Chitosan, PMMA
mortality. Comparing the obtained results and cachew-gun resin (CG) markers that are
to the already known methodologies, it was easier to be functionalized with biocompatible
possible to conclude that they are viable chemical group for reactions with biological
methods to detect HbS. Besides, when totally entities is the goal. In this context two methods
developed, these methods will contribute of synthesis for implementation of the project
to the production of Sickle Cell Anemia’s were chosen: the first method synthesizes the
diagnostic, and they will have impact in nanoparticle by cryogenics technique and the
São Paulo state’s public measures, as well second method is the microemulsion tech-
as in Brazil’s ones. An prototype kit is in the nology. Figure 64 shows the SEMs images of
validation phase for use as a simple way to these particles and it can be seen that the
detection (Figure 63). particles are more dispersible than the parti-
cles used previously. It can also be noted that
Luminescent polymeric nanoparticles the polymer nanoparticles incorporating the
(LUMPNP) for biological labeling. complexes [TR(β-diketone) (Ligand) ] showed
3 x
emission quantum efficiencies close to 100% .
A major difficulty in biomarker process is relat- The PMMA polymer nanoparticles doped with
ed to the solubility of the nanoparticles in the 0.5 to 5% by weight of the europium complex
biological media. This fact limits the process of were functionalized with a diamine to act as
bioconjugation and consequently the signaling. a spacer in bioconjugation (Figure 64).

Figure 64. Luminescent polymeric nanoparticles (LUMPNP) for biological labeling– cryogenics Europium nanoparticles under
UV excitation (upper); Emission spectra of NPPLUM (down-left); SEM of precursor and NPPLUM (down-right).

Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares