Page 298 - ACFE Fraud Reports 2009_2020

perpetrators

When broken down by region, we see that fraud losses caused by male perpetrators were higher than females in every
region. The gap was particularly large in Europe and Oceania.
21

Median loss based on Gender and Region of Perpetrator

$300,000 Male
Asia
$200,000
Female
$680,000
Europe
$160,000
Central/South America $200,000
and the Caribbean $124,000

Region Africa $182,000
$238,000

$500,000
Oceania
$230,000
$145,000
Canada
$125,000
$167,000
United States
$82,000
$0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000

Median Loss

To some extent, the higher losses caused by males are attributable to the fact that they tended to occupy higher posi-
tions of authority within the victim organizations. There were an equal number of male and female fraudsters at the
employee level, but the manager and owner/executive levels — which tend to cause higher losses — were dominated
by males. Seventy-four percent of all managers and 88% of all owners/executives in the study were male.

Surprisingly, though, even when we compared median losses within each position group, male fraud losses tended to be
higher. At the employee level, losses caused by males were 36% higher than those caused by females; at the manager
level, they were 67% higher, and at the owner/executive level, they were 325% higher.
22
21 There was a small sample of only 40 cases in Oceania, which may impact the reliability of the findings from that region.
22 There was a small sample of only 35 frauds committed by female owners and executives, which may impact the reliability of that data.

54 | 2010 RepoRt to the NAtioNs ON OccuPATIONAl FRAUD ANd AbuSE