Page 324 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Meteorology

Flying with even a thin layer of frost increases the risk of further icing when

flying through clouds or supercooled precipitation, as it creates a breeding

ground for additional ice formation.

- Ice alters the shape of the profile, thus affecting lift and drag.

- Ice increases the aircraft’s weight.

- Ice on the windshield obstructs visibility.

- Ice on the propeller can reduce efficiency.

Additionally, loose ice chunks (on twin-engine aircraft) can strike the cabin or

other parts of the aircraft, causing damage. If only the ice chunk on one

propeller blade detaches, it can affect the aircraft’s balance.

Ice on the pitot tube can give inaccurate or unusable instrument readings.

Therefore - avoid ice on the plane

3.9.2.4 Planning in case of risk of ice

By carefully planning the flight, you will receive warnings about conditions that

can lead to icing.

If the messages say FZRA, FZDZ or FZFG, it is a warning of supercooled water.

Also remember that if it says PL, pellets (ice grains), it is a warning of icing, as

there will be supercooled water with heavy icing at altitude.

Ensure that the aircraft is carefully cleaned of ice, snow and rime. Snow can find

its way into the strangest places and turn into ice in cavities such as the rudder.

Ice can form on the engine air filter. Normally, an alternative air intake will then

open.

Is there ice in the rudders or elsewhere?

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 324