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                9.10.5    Radio operation


                Often you will have to call one or more radio stations during the flight. You must

                study the equipment in the aircraft thoroughly before use.





                9.10.5.1     Radio frequencies

                Check that you have the necessary frequencies on the chart where you will use

                them. The communication radio operates in the VHF frequency range 118.0 to

                136.995 MHz. New radios have a channel spacing of 8.33 KHz, so the number of

                channels is 2280 today.


                Most aircraft are equipped with a VOR receiver  and ADF. These are used to
                locate VOR stations and radio beacons (NDB, locator). The frequency of these is

                on the ICAO chart and in the VFG. Remember to check the range in the VFG, or

                on the backside of the ICAO map.




                9.10.5.2     Controlled airspace


                Also  consider  how  you  should  behave  if  you  enter  controlled  /  regulated

                airspace. Have some procedures ready so that you can act quickly if necessary.


                In particular, you should know:


                                       Who to call - On what frequency



                It would also be a good idea to think about where you are when you call, as you

                must provide information about this when calling.





                9.10.5.3     Radio calls

                In  controlled  airspace,  very  specific  rules  apply  to  radio  calls  and  radio

                correspondence in general. These rules are learned on various radio courses, so

                only the most general rules will be briefly mentioned here.



             Flyveteori PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL             Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025               905
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